{"id":108386,"date":"2026-06-29T10:17:19","date_gmt":"2026-06-29T10:17:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/fact\/etilen-dibromid-12-dibromoetan\/"},"modified":"2026-06-29T10:17:19","modified_gmt":"2026-06-29T10:17:19","slug":"etilen-dibromid-12-dibromoetan","status":"publish","type":"fact","link":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sl\/fact\/etilen-dibromid-12-dibromoetan\/","title":{"rendered":"Etilen dibromid (1,2-dibromoetan)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Razpolo\u017eljive ocene \u0161tevila zaposlenih, ki so trenutno izpostavljeni etilen dibromidu (1,2-dibromoetanu) v EU, so zelo redke. Leta 2006 je bilo ocenjeno, da je etilen dibromidu v vseh industrijah v EU izpostavljenih pribli\u017eno 8.000 zaposlenih. Poklicna exposure se pojavi predvsem z vdihavanjem hlapov in prek ko\u017ee. Etilen dibromid ima usklajeno razvrstitev kot rakotvorne snovi kategorije 1B v skladu z uredbo CLP (domnevno rakotvorna snov). Predvideni u\u010dinek na zdravje po kroni\u010dni izpostavljenosti etilen dibromidu pri zaposlenih je rakotvornost na mestu stika. Pri ljudeh etilen dibromid povzro\u010da tudi u\u010dinke na reproduktivni sistem pri mo\u0161kih (zmanj\u0161anje ve\u010d parametrov sperme).<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Kje se pojavijo tveganja<\/h2>\n

V preteklosti se je etilen dibromid uporabljal predvsem kot dodatek za vezavo svinca v bencinu. Ta uporaba se je zmanj\u0161ala po prepovedi goriv, ki vsebujejo svinec, v EU, \u010deprav se etilen dibromid \u0161e vedno uporablja kot dodatek v letalskih in dirkalnih gorivih. V preteklosti se je pogosto uporabljal tudi v kmetijstvu kot pesticid ter kot komponenta sredstev za zaplinjevanje tal in \u017eita.<\/p>\n

Trenutno se etilen dibromid uporablja kot nevnetljivo topilo za voske, smole in gumije, v formulacijah za zatiranje \u017eu\u017eelk ter v pripravkih barvil. Slu\u017ei tudi kot intermediat pri proizvodnji nekaterih organskih kemikalij, na primer pri sintezi vinil bromida.
\nKemi\u010dna proizvodnja je sektor z najvi\u0161jo exposure etilen dibromidu, pri \u010demer so najbolj izpostavljeni poklici operaterji in tehniki kemi\u010dnih procesov, \u0161ar\u017enih procesov ali destilacije (npr. vzdr\u017eevanje, formulacija, proces). Posebno skrb vzbujajo naloge, povezane s procesi me\u0161anja in vulkanizacije. Do izpostavljenosti lahko pride tudi pri tehni\u010dnem preizku\u0161anju in analizah ter v znanstvenih raziskavah in razvoju (analitski kemiki, laboratorijski tehniki itd.).<\/p>\n

Ve\u010d o snovi<\/h2>\n

Etilen dibromid je brezbarvna, te\u017eka teko\u010dina z blagim sladkim vonjem, podobnim kloroformu. Je topen v vodi in se me\u0161a z ve\u010dino organskih topil. Etilen dibromid ve\u010dinoma izvira iz \u010dlovekovih dejavnosti. Je zelo mobilen in ga je mogo\u010de najti v podtalnici. Velja zavezujo\u010da mejna vrednost za poklicno izpostavljenost v EU, ki zna\u0161a 0,8 mg\/m\u00b3 v zraku.<\/p>\n

Tveganja za zdravje, ki se lahko pojavijo<\/h2>\n

Poklicna exposure etilen dibromidu se obi\u010dajno zgodi z vdihavanjem hlapov. Vendar se etilen dibromid absorbira tudi skozi ko\u017eo.<\/p>\n

Kratkotrajna izpostavljenost etilen dibromidu lahko povzro\u010di po\u0161kodbe srca, plju\u010d, ledvic in ko\u017ee.<\/p>\n

Ni trdnih informacij o tem, ali etilen dibromid povzro\u010da raka pri ljudeh, je pa mo\u010dno rakotvorna snov na ve\u010d mestih pri \u017eivalih. \u0160tudije ka\u017eejo, da lahko dolgotrajna izpostavljenost tej snovi povzro\u010di raka nosu in plju\u010d ter \u0161kodljive u\u010dinke na razmno\u017eevanje in plodnost pri zaposlenih.<\/p>\n

Kaj lahko stori\u0161<\/h2>\n

Prednostni ukrep za odpravo tveganja izpostavljenosti je zamenjava z varnej\u0161imi alternativami brez etilen dibromida ali sprememba procesov. Kjer zamenjava etilen dibromida ni mogo\u010da ali ko se ta pojavi kot stranski produkt, mora\u0161 uvesti ukrepe za zmanj\u0161anje izpostavljenosti.<\/p>\n

Naju\u010dinkovitej\u0161i na\u010din za prepre\u010devanje exposure etilen dibromidu je razvoj in uporaba avtomatizacije ali zaprtih sistemov, kjer s fizi\u010dnim lo\u010devanjem ni neposrednega stika z zaposlenim. Etilen dibromid bi moral biti proizveden v zaprtih sistemih z zajemanjem hlapov, transportiran v zaprtih ceveh, ob uporabi spojnih priklju\u010dkov z nizkimi emisijami, da se \u010dim bolj zmanj\u0161ajo emisije med prenosom. Etilen dibromid je treba hraniti na mestih, za\u0161\u010ditenih pred fizi\u010dnimi po\u0161kodbami, in lo\u010deno od kemi\u010dno aktivnih kovin.<\/p>\n

Kjer etilen dibromida tehni\u010dno ni mogo\u010de nadomestiti in delo v zaprtem procesu ni izvedljivo, je treba vzpostaviti tehni\u010dne ukrepe, ki zagotovijo, da se raven izpostavljenosti zaposlenih zmanj\u0161a na \u010dim ni\u017ejo tehni\u010dno mo\u017eno raven.<\/p>\n

To vklju\u010duje uporabo lokalnega odsesavanja in splo\u0161nega prezra\u010devanja. Izvedi ukrepe za zagotovitev ustrezne splo\u0161ne higiene na delovnem mestu z rednim \u010di\u0161\u010denjem in higienskim shranjevanjem. Po za\u010detni meritvi izpostavljenosti za ocena tveganja izvajaj redne ocene izpostavljenosti, da preveri\u0161, ali so tvoji tehni\u010dni ukrepi u\u010dinkoviti ali so potrebni nadaljnji koraki.<\/p>\n

Strogo omejevanje \u010dasa, ki ga zaposleni pre\u017eivijo v izpostavljenem delovnem okolju (npr. z izmenami), in omejevanje dostopa do teh delovnih mest sta pomembna organizacijska ukrepa za zmanj\u0161anje izpostavljenosti. Zaposleni morajo biti obve\u0161\u010deni o morebitnih tveganjih, povezanih z nalogami, ki vklju\u010dujejo etilen dibromid. Delodajalci bi jih morali redno usposabljati in pou\u010devati o tem, kako varno delati z etilen dibromidom. Zagotovi ustrezne umivalnice in strani\u0161\u010da ter zaposlenim omogo\u010di dovolj \u010dasa za higienske ukrepe.<\/p>\n

Za zaposlene, izpostavljene nevarnim snovem, je potreben zdravstveni nadzor, zato jih je treba spodbujati, da poro\u010dajo o kakr\u0161nih koli zgodnjih simptomih, kot so simptomi, ki vplivajo na srce, plju\u010da, ledvice in ko\u017eo.<\/p>\n

Zagotovi, da imajo zaposleni ustrezno osebna varovalna oprema, kot so za\u0161\u010ditna obla\u010dila in rokavice. Zaradi mo\u017enosti absorpcije skozi ko\u017eo se priporo\u010dajo za\u0161\u010ditni ukrepi za zmanj\u0161anje prehoda etilen dibromida skozi ko\u017eo. Osebna varovalna oprema se sme uporabiti le kot zadnja mo\u017enost in le za\u010dasno, ko so iz\u010drpane vse mo\u017ene tehni\u010dne in organizacijske re\u0161itve.<\/p>\n

Reference: ECHA, IOM, RAC, EC<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","carcinogens":[8720],"class_list":["post-108386","fact","type-fact","status-publish","hentry","carcinogens-etilen-dibromid"],"yoast_head":"\nEtilen dibromid (1,2-dibromoetan) - STOP carcinogens at work<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Be aware of what you work with! We collected all the important information these causing substances in easy-to-understand factsheets.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sl\/fact\/etilen-dibromid-12-dibromoetan\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sl_SI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Etilen dibromid (1,2-dibromoetan)\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Be aware of what you work with! 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