{"id":108387,"date":"2026-06-29T10:13:55","date_gmt":"2026-06-29T10:13:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/fact\/diklorometan-2\/"},"modified":"2026-06-29T10:13:55","modified_gmt":"2026-06-29T10:13:55","slug":"diklorometan-2","status":"publish","type":"fact","link":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sl\/fact\/diklorometan-2\/","title":{"rendered":"diklorometan"},"content":{"rendered":"

Starej\u0161i podatki (CAREX) iz leta 1990 ka\u017eejo poklicno exposure diklorometanu (znanemu tudi kot metilenklorid ali kloroform) pri pribli\u017eno 250.000 zaposlenih v EU (15 dr\u017eav \u010dlanic). Vendar je bila uporaba diklorometana od takrat bistveno omejena (uredba REACH, direktiva o pitni vodi).<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Trenutne ocene poklicne exposure diklorometanu v EU niso na voljo. Glavni poti exposure na delovnem mestu sta dihala in ko\u017ea. Diklorometan ima usklajeno razvrstitev v skladu z razvr\u0161\u010danjem, ozna\u010devanjem in pakiranjem kot rakotvorne snovi kategorije 2. IARC snov razvr\u0161\u010da kot rakotvorne snovi skupine 2A (verjetno rakotvorna za ljudi). Za diklorometan obstaja sum, da povzro\u010da raka trebu\u0161ne slinavke, plju\u010d in jeter.<\/p>\n

Kje se pojavljajo tveganja<\/h2>\n

Diklorometan se uporablja predvsem kot odstranjevalec barve, razma\u0161\u010devalec, potisni plin, hladilno sredstvo in ekstrakcijsko topilo. Je zelo hlapen, raztaplja \u0161tevilne organske snovi, zato se uporablja tudi kot topilo za smole, ma\u0161\u010dobe, plastiko in bitumen. Uporablja se tudi kot lepilo za posebne namene (akrilno steklo, polistiren).<\/p>\n

Diklorometan je zelo hlapen, kar pomeni, da se pri uporabi na ve\u010dji povr\u0161ini lahko v zraku hitro ustvarijo visoke koncentracije, ki jih lahko vdihne\u0161. Pri tak\u0161nih obse\u017enih postopkih, kot sta razma\u0161\u010devanje ali lepljenje (plasti\u010dnih) povr\u0161in, se lahko v vdihanem zraku \u0161e vedno pojavijo visoke koncentracije diklorometana. Visoko intenzivne exposure so mo\u017ene pri zaposlenih, ki uporabljajo odstranjevalce barve (gradbeni\u0161tvo, prenove), ter pri opravilih, kot so \u010di\u0161\u010denje rezervoarjev, razma\u0161\u010devanje in vzdr\u017eevanje v zaprtih prostorih. Srednje intenzivne exposure so zna\u010dilne za kemi\u010dno proizvodnjo, farmacevtsko proizvodnjo in pripravo topil, medtem ko je nizko intenzivne exposure mogo\u010de pri\u010dakovati v analitskih, raziskovalnih in zdravstvenih laboratorijih, pri laboratorijskem osebju in v farmacevtski industriji (ekstrakcijska sredstva) ter pri obdelavi plasti\u010dnih povr\u0161in z razma\u0161\u010devalnimi sredstvi in lepili.<\/p>\n

Ve\u010d o snovi<\/h2>\n

Diklorometan je alifatski, nasi\u010den halogeniran ogljikovodik, ki je v \u010disti obliki brezbarvna teko\u010dina z vonjem po kloroformu. Ima nizko vreli\u0161\u010de 40 \u00b0C in parni tlak 470 hPa (pri 20 \u00b0C) ter je zelo hlapen. Pri uporabi izdelkov, ki vsebujejo diklorometan, se pribli\u017eno 85% snovi sprosti v okolje. V obi\u010dajnih pogojih uporabe diklorometan ni vnetljiv; vendar lahko v zaprtih posodah obstaja nevarnost eksplozije.<\/p>\n

Zaradi omejitev uporabe v skladu z uredbo REACH se odstranjevalci barve, ki vsebujejo ve\u010d kot 0,1% (masni dele\u017e) diklorometana, smejo komercialno uporabljati le posebej usposobljeno osebje. Pri zgorevanju diklorometana lahko nastane plinasti, zelo strupen fosgen.<\/p>\n

Nevarnosti, ki se lahko pojavijo<\/h2>\n

\u010ce se snov absorbira v teko\u010di obliki, npr. skozi ko\u017eo, predvsem vpliva na osrednji \u017eiv\u010dni sistem in povzro\u010da simptome, kot so glavobol, omotica, slabost, otrplost in zmanj\u0161ana zbranost. V telesu se diklorometan pretvori v ogljikov monoksid, kar povzro\u010di zastrupitev z ogljikovim monoksidom. Pojavijo se lahko tudi dra\u017eenje dihal in o\u010di, izguba apetita, slab\u0161a zbranost in utrujenost.<\/p>\n

Dolgotrajen stik s ko\u017eo povzro\u010di razgradnjo ma\u0161\u010dobnega tkiva, kar vodi do izpu\u0161\u010dajev in srbenja ko\u017ee. Hlapi diklorometana so te\u017eji od zraka, zato se kopi\u010dijo pri tleh. Vdihavanje hlapov lahko povzro\u010di po\u0161kodbe vidnega \u017eivca in jeter (hepatitis).<\/p>\n

Najpomembnej\u0161i u\u010dinek dolgotrajne exposure je rakotvornost. Za diklorometan obstaja sum, da povzro\u010da raka trebu\u0161ne slinavke, plju\u010d in jeter.<\/p>\n

Latentna obdobja za razvoj raka po exposure diklorometanu lahko trajajo od 20 do 30 let.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kaj lahko storite<\/h2>\n

Najprej preveri, ali je mogo\u010de izdelke, ki vsebujejo diklorometan, zamenjati z manj nevarnimi ali nenevarnimi alternativami. Na voljo je \u0161irok nabor alternativnih izdelkov, zlasti za uporabo kot potisni plin. \u010ce nadomestka ni, je treba uvesti ustrezne ukrepe za varnost in zdravje pri delu, zlasti pri obse\u017enih postopkih, da se za\u0161\u010ditijo izpostavljeni zaposleni. Hlape je treba zajeti in odsesavati pri viru ali blizu tal z odsesovalnimi sistemi. \u0160tevilo izpostavljenih oseb in trajanje exposure je treba zmanj\u0161ati na minimum. Izpostavljene zaposlene je treba redno in razumljivo seznanjati s tveganji diklorometana ter z izvajanjem za\u0161\u010ditnih ukrepov. Ko so iz\u010drpani vsi navedeni ukrepi, je mogo\u010de vnos diklorometana v telo dodatno zmanj\u0161ati z uporabo ustrezne osebne varovalne opreme (PPE) in delovnih obla\u010dil. PPE in delovna obla\u010dila morajo omogo\u010dati \u010di\u0161\u010denje in higiensko shranjevanje. Pri uporabi za\u0161\u010dite dihal in rokavic je treba upo\u0161tevati navodila proizvajalca glede primernosti, uporabe, vzdr\u017eevanja, \u010di\u0161\u010denja in \u010dasa preboja.<\/p>\n

Viri: OECD, ECHA; EU-OSHA, Gestis, EC, UBA.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","carcinogens":[6453],"class_list":["post-108387","fact","type-fact","status-publish","hentry","carcinogens-diklorometan-sl"],"yoast_head":"\ndiklorometan - STOP carcinogens at work<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Be aware of what you work with! We collected all the important information these causing substances in easy-to-understand factsheets.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sl\/fact\/diklorometan-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sl_SI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"diklorometan\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Be aware of what you work with! 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