{"id":77305,"date":"2023-08-29T10:09:11","date_gmt":"2023-08-29T10:09:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/fact\/hlapi-ki-nastanejo-pri-varjenju\/"},"modified":"2025-09-04T10:14:20","modified_gmt":"2025-09-04T10:14:20","slug":"hlapi-ki-nastanejo-pri-varjenju","status":"publish","type":"fact","link":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sl\/fact\/hlapi-ki-nastanejo-pri-varjenju\/","title":{"rendered":"hlapi, ki nastanejo pri varjenju"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ocenjuje se, da je v EU z varjenjem in z njim povezanimi dejavnostmi zaposlenih 1,2 milijona delavcev s polnim delovnim \u010dasom. Hlapi, ki nastanejo pri varjenju, lahko vsebujejo rakotvorne snovi \u0161estvalentnega kroma, niklja in kobalta ter druge nevarne snovi. <\/p><\/blockquote>\n

IARC je hlapi, ki nastanejo pri varjenju, opredelil kot rakotvorne snovi za ljudi (skupina 1). Ocenjuje se, da je poklic varilca povezan z znatnim pove\u010danjem tveganja za nastanek plju\u010dnega raka, ki je lahko posledica vdihavanja prahu in hlapov pri varjenju kovin. <\/p>\n

Kje se pojavljajo tveganja<\/h2>\n

Hlapi, ki nastanejo pri varjenju, nastanejo, ko se kovine segrejejo nad vreli\u0161\u010dem (uparijo) in njihove pare hitro kondenzirajo v zelo drobne delce (trdne delce ali prah). Klju\u010dne kovine, ki se uporabljajo v Evropi, so jeklo (nelegirano in nizko-srednje legirano), nerjavno jeklo (na osnovi litega \u017eeleza in niklja) ter aluminij in aluminijeve zlitine. <\/p>\n

Plinsko varjenje, oblo\u010dno varjenje, varjenje z \u017earkom, mehko spajkanje, trdo spajkanje, spajkanje, toplotno rezanje ali \u017elebljenje, ravnanje s plamenom in toplotno brizganje so najpomembnej\u0161i postopki varjenja, pri katerih lahko nastajajo rakotvorne snovi in prah.
\nIzpostavljenost hlapi, ki nastanejo pri varjenju, se pojavlja v \u0161tevilnih sektorjih, kot so ladjedelni\u0161tvo, avtomobilska in strojna industrija, gradbeni\u0161tvo (npr. mostovi, stopnice, balkoni), in\u0161taliranje vodovodnih napeljav in naprav, promet in telekomunikacije. Poklici so predvsem varilci, ognjevarstveniki in kovinski delavci ter zaposleni, ki delajo v njihovi bli\u017eini. <\/p>\n

Ve\u010d o snovi<\/h2>\n

Vrsta uporabljenega postopka varjenja vpliva na vrsto in obseg nevarnih snovi, ki nastajajo v prahu in dimu. Dim, ki nastaja pri varjenju in vro\u010dem rezanju, je razli\u010dna me\u0161anica nevarnih snovi, ki jih je mogo\u010de vdihavati. Sestava hlapov, ki nastanejo pri varjenju, je odvisna od osnovnega in dodajnega materiala ter tehnike varjenja. Tehnike varjenja, ki imajo najvi\u0161jo stopnjo emisij, so lasersko varjenje s polnilnimi materiali, MIG (polna \u017eica, nikelj, zlitine na osnovi niklja), MAG (polna \u017eica in fluksus z za\u0161\u010ditnim plinom in brez njega), lasersko rezanje, avtogeno plamensko rezanje, plazemsko rezanje, oblo\u010dno in plamensko brizganje. Potencialno spro\u0161\u010dene rakotvorne snovi med varjenjem so berilijeve spojine ,<\/a> kadmijeve spojine,<\/a> \u0161estvalentnega kroma , kobalta in<\/a> niklja.<\/a> <\/p>\n

Nevarnosti, ki se lahko pojavijo<\/h2>\n

Akutna izpostavljenost hlapi, ki nastanejo pri varjenju, in plinom lahko povzro\u010di dra\u017eenje o\u010di, nosu in grla, omotico in slabost ter vro\u010dino zaradi kovinskega dima. Dolgotrajna izpostavljenost hlapi, ki nastanejo pri varjenju, lahko povzro\u010di po\u0161kodbe plju\u010d in razli\u010dne vrste raka, vklju\u010dno s plju\u010di, grlom in se\u010dili. Glavne nerakave bolezni so akutni ali kroni\u010dni u\u010dinki na dihala, kot so KOPB, poklicna astma in varil\u010deva plju\u010da. UV-svetloba, ki se oddaja<\/a> med varjenjem, pa lahko povzro\u010di tudi o\u010desni melanom. Hlapi, ki nastanejo pri varjenju mehkega jekla (in prisotnost mangana v jeklu), lahko povzro\u010dijo nevrolo\u0161ke simptome, podobne Parkinsonovi bolezni. Ti simptomi vklju\u010dujejo motnje govora in ravnote\u017eja. <\/p>\n

Kaj lahko storite<\/h2>\n

Natan\u010dna stopnja tveganja zaradi hlapov, ki nastanejo pri varjenju, je odvisna od treh dejavnikov: kako strupeni so hlapi, kako koncentrirani so in kako dolgo jih dihate. Ali je mogo\u010de dim odpraviti s prehodom na hladen postopek (npr. giljotino) ali pa uporabiti druga\u010den potro\u0161ni material (\u010distej\u0161e palice\/\u017eice)? \u010ce ne, je najbolj\u0161a re\u0161itev zmanj\u0161anje dima s spremembo zasnove dela ter ponovno preu\u010ditvijo uporabljenih tehnik in materialov, na primer izvle\u010denega varilnega gorilnika. Druga re\u0161itev je lahko namestitev u\u010dinkovitih sistemov splo\u0161nega in lokalnega prezra\u010devanja (LEV) ter pravilna postavitev (stati proti vetru). \u010ce ni mogo\u010de zagotoviti ustreznega nadzora s sistemom LEV ali \u010de ni mogo\u010de zagotoviti sistema LEV, morajo zaposleni uporabljati ustrezno opremo za za\u0161\u010dito dihal (RPE). Za delo, ki traja do ene ure, se priporo\u010da maska za enkratno uporabo FFP3 ali polmaska s filtrom P3. Za dlje trajajo\u010de delo uporabljajte za\u0161\u010ditno opremo z baterijskim napajanjem z zrakom, z najmanj\u0161im dodeljenim za\u0161\u010ditnim faktorjem 20 (APF20). Zagotovite testiranje prileganja RPE na obrazu. Pri varjenju na prostem LEV ne bo deloval, zato morajo zaposleni uporabljati ustrezno RPE za nadzor izpostavljenosti. Varilci morajo razumeti nevarnosti materialov, s katerimi delajo. \u010ce zaposleni poro\u010dajo o zgodnjih simptomih, je priporo\u010dljivo opraviti preiskavo. <\/p>\n

Reference: \u0160tudijsko poro\u010dilo o oceni u\u010dinka, \u0161tudijsko poro\u010dilo ECHA, EU-OSHA, HSE, IARC<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","carcinogens":[6385],"class_list":["post-77305","fact","type-fact","status-publish","hentry","carcinogens-varilni-hlapi"],"yoast_head":"\nhlapi, ki nastanejo pri varjenju - STOP carcinogens at work<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Ocenjuje se, da je v EU z varjenjem in z njim povezanimi dejavnostmi zaposlenih 1,2 milijona delavcev s polnim delovnim \u010dasom.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sl\/fact\/hlapi-ki-nastanejo-pri-varjenju\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sl_SI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"hlapi, ki nastanejo pri varjenju\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ocenjuje se, da je v EU z varjenjem in z njim povezanimi dejavnostmi zaposlenih 1,2 milijona delavcev s polnim delovnim \u010dasom.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sl\/fact\/hlapi-ki-nastanejo-pri-varjenju\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"STOP carcinogens at work\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-09-04T10:14:20+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"4 minute\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/sl\\\/fact\\\/hlapi-ki-nastanejo-pri-varjenju\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/sl\\\/fact\\\/hlapi-ki-nastanejo-pri-varjenju\\\/\",\"name\":\"hlapi, ki nastanejo pri varjenju - 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