{"id":77305,"date":"2023-08-29T10:09:11","date_gmt":"2023-08-29T10:09:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/fact\/hlapi-ki-nastanejo-pri-varjenju\/"},"modified":"2026-09-09T11:36:21","modified_gmt":"2026-09-09T11:36:21","slug":"hlapi-ki-nastanejo-pri-varjenju","status":"publish","type":"fact","link":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sl\/fact\/hlapi-ki-nastanejo-pri-varjenju\/","title":{"rendered":"hlapi, ki nastanejo pri varjenju"},"content":{"rendered":"<blockquote><p>Ocenjuje se, da je v EU z varjenju in z njim povezanimi dejavnostmi zaposlenih 1,2 milijona delavcev s polnim delovnim \u010dasom. Hlapi in prah, ki nastanejo med postopkom varjenja, lahko vsebujejo rakotvorne snovi \u0161estvalentnega kroma, niklja in kobalta ter druge nevarne snovi.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>IARC je hlapi, ki nastanejo pri varjenju, opredelil kot rakotvorne snovi za ljudi (skupina 1). Ocenjuje se, da je poklic varilca povezan z znatnim pove\u010danjem tveganja za nastanek plju\u010dnega raka, ki je lahko posledica vdihavanja prahu in hlapov pri varjenju kovin.<\/p>\n<h2>Kje se pojavljajo tveganja<\/h2>\n<p>Hlapi, ki nastanejo pri varjenju, nastanejo, ko se kovine segrejejo nad vreli\u0161\u010dem (uparijo) in njihove pare hitro kondenzirajo v zelo drobne delce (trdne delce ali prah). Klju\u010dne kovine, ki se uporabljajo v Evropi, so jeklo (nelegirano in nizko-srednje legirano), nerjavno jeklo (na osnovi litega \u017eeleza in niklja) ter aluminij in aluminijeve zlitine.<\/p>\n<p>Plinsko varjenje, oblo\u010dno varjenje, varjenje z \u017earkom, mehko spajkanje, trdo spajkanje, spajkanje, toplotno rezanje ali \u017elebljenje, ravnanje s plamenom in toplotno brizganje so najpomembnej\u0161i postopki varjenja, pri katerih lahko nastajajo rakotvorne snovi in prah.<br \/>\nIzpostavljenost hlapi, ki nastanejo pri varjenju, se pojavlja v \u0161tevilnih sektorjih, kot so ladjedelni\u0161tvo, avtomobilska in strojna industrija, gradbeni\u0161tvo (npr. mostovi, stopnice, balkoni), in\u0161taliranje vodovodnih napeljav in naprav, promet in telekomunikacije. Poklici so predvsem varilci, ognjevarstveniki in kovinski delavci ter zaposleni, ki delajo v njihovi bli\u017eini.<\/p>\n<h2>Ve\u010d o snovi<\/h2>\n<p>Vrsta uporabljenega postopka varjenja bo vplivala na naravo in obseg nevarnih snovi, ki nastanejo v prahu in hlapih. Hlapi, ki nastanejo pri varjenju in postopkih vro\u010dega rezanja, so spremenljiva me\u0161anica nevarnih snovi, ki jih je mogo\u010de vdihniti. Sestava hlapov, ki nastanejo pri varjenju, je odvisna od osnovnega in polnilnega materiala ter tehnike varjenja. Tehnike varjenja z najvi\u0161jimi stopnjami emisij so lasersko varjenje s polnilnimi materiali, MIG (polna \u017eica, nikelj, zlitine na osnovi niklja), MAG (polna \u017eica in pra\u0161kasta \u017eica s \u0161\u010ditnim plinom in brez njega), lasersko rezanje, avtogeno rezanje s plamenom, plazemsko rezanje, oblo\u010dno brizganje in brizganje s plamenom. Rakotvorne snovi, ki se lahko sprostijo med postopki varjenja, so spojine <a href=\"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sl\/fact\/berilijeve-spojine\/\">berilija<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sl\/fact\/kadmijeve-spojine\/\">kadmija<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sl\/good-practice\/nadomescanje-funkcionalnega-kromovega-prevlecenja-zobozdravstvenih-instrumentov-s-kromovim-trioksidom-za-zobozdravstveno-zdravljenje\/\">\u0161estvalentnega kroma<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sl\/fact\/kobaltove-spojine\/\">kobalta<\/a> in <a href=\"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sl\/fact\/nikljeve-spojine\/\">niklja<\/a>. <\/p>\n<h2>Nevarnosti, ki se lahko pojavijo<\/h2>\n<p>Akutna izpostavljenost hlapi in plinom pri varjenju lahko povzro\u010di dra\u017eenje o\u010di, nosu in grla, omotico in slabost ter kovinsko vro\u010dino. Dolgotrajna izpostavljenost hlapi, ki nastanejo pri varjenju, lahko povzro\u010di po\u0161kodbe plju\u010d in razli\u010dne vrste raka, vklju\u010dno s plju\u010dnim rakom, rakom grla in se\u010dil. Glavne nerakave bolezni so akutni ali kroni\u010dni u\u010dinki v dihalih, kot so KOPB, poklicna astma in varilska plju\u010da. Vendar pa  <a href=\"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sl\/fact\/ultravijolicno-sevanje\/\">UV-svetloba<\/a> , ki se spro\u0161\u010da med varjanjem, lahko povzro\u010di tudi o\u010dni melanom. Hlapi, ki nastanejo pri varjenju mehkega jekla (in prisotnost mangana v jeklu), lahko privedejo do nevrolo\u0161kih simptomov, podobnih Parkinsonovi bolezni. Ti simptomi vklju\u010dujejo motnje govora in ravnote\u017eja.<\/p>\n<h2>Kaj lahko storite<\/h2>\n<p>Natan\u010dna stopnja tveganja zaradi hlapov, ki nastanejo pri varjenju, je odvisna od treh dejavnikov: kako strupeni so hlapi, kako koncentrirani so in kako dolgo jih vdihavate. Ali je mogo\u010de hlape odpraviti s prehodom na hladen postopek (npr. giljotina) ali pa je mogo\u010de uporabiti druga\u010dne potro\u0161ne materiale (\u010distej\u0161e palice\/\u017eice)? \u010ce ne, je najbolj\u0161a re\u0161itev zmanj\u0161anje hlapov z vnovi\u010dnim na\u010drtovanjem dela in ponovnim premislekom o uporabljenih tehnikah in materialih, na primer izvle\u010dna varilska gorilnica. Drugi\u010d, re\u0161itve so lahko namestitev u\u010dinkovitih sistemov splo\u0161nega in lokalnega prezra\u010devanja (LEV) ter pravilno pozicioniranje (stojanje proti vetru). \u010ce ustreznega nadzora z LEV ni mogo\u010de zagotoviti ali \u010de zagotavljanje LEV ni razumno izvedljivo, morajo zaposleni uporabljati ustrezno osebno varovalno opremo za dihala (RPE). Za delo do ene ure je priporo\u010dljiva enkratna maska FFP3 ali polmaska s filtrom P3. Za dalj\u0161e delo uporabite za\u0161\u010ditno opremo na baterijski pogon z dovajanjem zraka, z najmanj\u0161im dodeljenim za\u0161\u010ditnim faktorjem 20 (APF20). Zagotovite preizkus prileganja obraza za RPE. Za varjenje na prostem LEV ne bo deloval, zato morajo zaposleni uporabljati ustrezno RPE za nadzor izpostavljenosti. Varilci morajo razumeti nevarnosti materialov, s katerimi delajo. Preiskava, \u010de zaposleni poro\u010dajo o zgodnjih simptomih, je priporo\u010dljiva.<\/p>\n<p><em>Reference: \u0160tudijsko poro\u010dilo o oceni u\u010dinka, \u0161tudijsko poro\u010dilo ECHA, EU-OSHA, HSE, IARC<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","carcinogens":[6385],"class_list":["post-77305","fact","type-fact","status-publish","hentry","carcinogens-varilni-hlapi"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.5 (Yoast SEO v28.5) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>hlapi, ki nastanejo pri varjenju - STOP carcinogens at work<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Ocenjuje se, da je v EU z varjenju in z njim povezanimi dejavnostmi zaposlenih 1,2 milijona delavcev s polnim delovnim \u010dasom.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sl\/fact\/hlapi-ki-nastanejo-pri-varjenju\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sl_SI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"hlapi, ki nastanejo pri varjenju\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ocenjuje se, da je v EU z varjenju in z njim povezanimi dejavnostmi zaposlenih 1,2 milijona delavcev s polnim delovnim \u010dasom.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sl\/fact\/hlapi-ki-nastanejo-pri-varjenju\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"STOP carcinogens at work\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-09-09T11:36:21+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"4 minuta\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/sl\\\/fact\\\/hlapi-ki-nastanejo-pri-varjenju\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/sl\\\/fact\\\/hlapi-ki-nastanejo-pri-varjenju\\\/\",\"name\":\"hlapi, ki nastanejo pri varjenju - 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