{"id":77306,"date":"2023-08-29T10:09:16","date_gmt":"2023-08-29T10:09:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/fact\/benzen\/"},"modified":"2026-09-09T11:46:18","modified_gmt":"2026-09-09T11:46:18","slug":"benzen","status":"publish","type":"fact","link":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sl\/fact\/benzen\/","title":{"rendered":"benzen"},"content":{"rendered":"

Pribli\u017eno 1 000 000 zaposlenih v EU je izpostavljenih benzenu v industrijah, ki proizvajajo ali uporabljajo benzen. Benzen je razvr\u0161\u010den v rakotvorne snovi kategorijo 1A, kar pomeni, da dokazano povzro\u010da raka pri ljudeh.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Povezava med benzenom in rakom je bila ve\u010dinoma osredoto\u010dena na levkemijo in druge rake krvnih celic. Ljudje so izpostavljeni predvsem tako, da vdihavajo zrak, ki vsebuje benzen. Benzen se lahko absorbira tudi skozi ko\u017eo ob stiku z virom, kot je bencin, \u010deprav je to manj pogosto, saj teko\u010di benzen hitro izhlapi.<\/p>\n

Kje se pojavljajo tveganja<\/h2>\n

Industrije, ki proizvajajo ali uporabljajo benzen, vklju\u010dujejo poklice, v katerih se pridobivata, rafinirata, distribuirata in prodajata nafta in plin ter uporabljajo naftni derivati. Nadaljnji poklici, pri katerih je mo\u017ena exposure, so proizvodnja koksa, proizvodnja in uporaba kemikalij (vklju\u010dno z nekaterimi mazivi, barvili, detergenti, zdravili in pesticidi), popravilo avtomobilov, proizvodnja obutve, gasilstvo in razli\u010dni poklici, ki vklju\u010dujejo exposure izpu\u0161nim plinom iz motorjev z notranjim izgorevanjem.<\/p>\n

Poleg tega so lahko izpostavljeni tudi jeklarji, tiskarji, laboratorijski tehniki in zaposleni v son\u010dnih elektrarnah, saj benzen nastaja pri razgradnji teko\u010dine za prenos toplote.<\/p>\n

Ve\u010d o snovi<\/h2>\n

Benzen je brezbarvna ali svetlo rumena teko\u010da kemikalija pri sobni temperaturi. Ob izpostavljenosti zraku hitro izhlapi. Uporablja se predvsem kot topilo v kemi\u010dni in farmacevtski industriji, kot izhodna surovina in vmesni produkt pri sintezi \u0161tevilnih kemikalij, vklju\u010dno s plastiko, mazivi, gumo, barvili, detergenti, zdravili in pesticidi.<\/p>\n

Benzen nastaja v naravnih procesih in procesih, ki jih je povzro\u010dil \u010dlovek. Je naravna sestavina surove nafte in bencina (in s tem izpu\u0161nih plinov motornih vozil) ter toba\u010dnega dima. Drugi naravni viri so emisije plinov iz vulkanov in gozdnih po\u017earov.<\/p>\n

V veljavi je zavezujo\u010da mejna vrednost EU za poklicno exposure 0,66 mg\/m\u00b3.<\/p>\n

Nevarnosti, ki se lahko pojavijo<\/h2>\n

Kroni\u010dna exposure benzenu predvsem \u0161koduje kostnemu mozgu, mehkim notranjim delom kosti, kjer nastajajo nove krvne celice. To lahko povzro\u010di anemijo (nizko \u0161tevilo rde\u010dih krvnih celic), zaradi katere se lahko oseba po\u010duti \u0161ibko in utrujeno, nizko \u0161tevilo belih krvnih celic, kar lahko zmanj\u0161a sposobnost telesa za boj proti oku\u017ebam, ter razli\u010dne vrste levkemije. Opisani so bili tudi \u0161kodljivi u\u010dinki na imunski sistem in reproduktivni sistem, na primer motnje menstrualnega cikla.<\/p>\n

Poleg rakotvornih u\u010dinkov na kostni mozeg lahko benzen povzro\u010di tudi druge akutne in kroni\u010dne u\u010dinke na zdravje. Kratkotrajna exposure visokim koncentracijam lahko povzro\u010di simptome, kot so omotica, slabost, glavobol, kr\u010di, nezavest in motnje sr\u010dnega ritma. Lahko je tudi zmeren dra\u017eilec za o\u010di in ko\u017eo. Kajenje pove\u010duje tveganja, saj je cigaretni dim pomemben vir exposure benzenu.<\/p>\n

Pomembno je vedeti, da se latentno obdobje med exposure in rakom, povezanim z benzenom, razlikuje od 1 do 10 let.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kaj lahko storite<\/h2>\n

Najbolj\u0161a re\u0161itev je nadzor exposure z odstranitvijo ali zamenjavo, na primer z zamenjavo benzena z drugim topilom ali z zaprtjem vira benzena. Uporabite ustrezne tehni\u010dne ukrepe za obvladovanje tveganj, ki so na voljo za razli\u010dne procese za nadzor exposure (npr. prezra\u010devanje), in preverite svoje organizacijske strategije za zmanj\u0161anje tveganj. Izvedite ustrezne meritve exposure, da bo znano, kdaj je treba ukrepati. Zaposlene obvestite o tveganjih in preventivnih ukrepih. Prepre\u010dite stik s ko\u017eo.<\/p>\n

Osebna varovalna oprema se ne sme uporabljati kot edini preventivni ukrep. Pred tem je treba izvesti \u010dim ve\u010d zgoraj navedenih tehni\u010dnih in organizacijskih ukrepov. Poskrbite, da se uporablja ustrezna osebna varovalna oprema. Poleg tega je treba pri izbiri opreme upo\u0161tevati anatomijo zaposlenih, ki jo bodo uporabljali, in v primeru dihalne za\u0161\u010ditne opreme, ki temelji na prilagoditvi obrazu, je zelo priporo\u010dljivo, da se pri vsaki osebi opravi preizkus prileganja.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","carcinogens":[6389],"class_list":["post-77306","fact","type-fact","status-publish","hentry","carcinogens-benzen-sl"],"yoast_head":"\nbenzen - STOP carcinogens at work<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Pribli\u017eno 1.000.000 zaposlenih v EU je izpostavljenih v industriji. 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