{"id":77312,"date":"2023-08-29T10:09:16","date_gmt":"2023-08-29T10:09:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/fact\/formaldehid\/"},"modified":"2026-09-09T11:34:20","modified_gmt":"2026-09-09T11:34:20","slug":"formaldehid","status":"publish","type":"fact","link":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sl\/fact\/formaldehid\/","title":{"rendered":"formaldehid"},"content":{"rendered":"

Po zadnji obstoje\u010di oceni iz za\u010detka devetdesetih let prej\u0161njega stoletja naj bi bilo formaldehidu izpostavljenih 971.000 zaposlenih.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Formaldehid je sredstvo, ki povzro\u010da preob\u010dutljivost ko\u017ee in lahko ob prvi exposure povzro\u010di odziv imunskega sistema. Akutna exposure mo\u010dno dra\u017ei o\u010di, nos in \u017erelo ter lahko pri izpostavljenih osebah povzro\u010di ka\u0161elj in sopenje. Poznej\u0161a exposure lahko povzro\u010di hude alergijske reakcije ko\u017ee, o\u010di in dihalnih poti ter astmi podobne te\u017eave z dihanjem in dra\u017eenje ko\u017ee, kot sta dermatitis in srbenje. Formaldehid je v uredbi razvr\u0161\u010danje, ozna\u010devanje in pakiranje razvr\u0161\u010den v rakotvorne snovi kategorije 1B, kar pomeni, da pri ljudeh verjetno povzro\u010da plju\u010dnega raka (rak nazofarinksa in mieloi\u010dna levkemija).<\/p>\n

Kje se pojavljajo tveganja<\/h2>\n

Industrija, ki v Evropi porabi najve\u010djo koli\u010dino formaldehida, je industrija lesnih plo\u0161\u010d, saj je formaldehid ena od sestavin veziv in lepil, ki ve\u017eejo lesne delce, vlakna ali furnirje v razli\u010dnih vrstah plo\u0161\u010d. Poleg tega se exposure formaldehidu pojavlja v zdravstvu, pogrebnih storitvah, tekstilni, usnjarski in papirni industriji. Zaposleni lahko vdihavajo formaldehid kot plin ali paro ali ga absorbirajo skozi ko\u017eo kot teko\u010dino med obdelavo tekstila in proizvodnjo smol, na primer. Poleg zdravstvenih delavcev ter medicinskih in laboratorijskih tehnikov so med skupinami, ki so potencialno izpostavljene visokemu tveganju, tudi delavci v mrtva\u0161nicah ter raziskovalci in \u0161tudenti, ki delajo z biolo\u0161kimi vzorci, konzerviranimi s formaldehidom ali formalinom.<\/p>\n

Ve\u010d o snovi<\/h2>\n

Formaldehid je brezbarven plin mo\u010dnega vonja, ki je zelo hlapen in zelo vnetljiv, pogosto ga najdemo v vodnih raztopinah. Pogosto se uporablja kot konzervans v medicinskih laboratorijih in mrtva\u0161nicah, formaldehid pa je prisoten tudi v \u0161tevilnih izdelkih, kot so kemikalije, iverne plo\u0161\u010de, gospodinjski izdelki, lepila, tkanine za trajno stiskanje, premazi za papirne izdelke, vlaknene plo\u0161\u010de in vezane plo\u0161\u010de. \u0160iroko se uporablja tudi kot industrijski fungicid, germicid in razku\u017eilo. Formaldehid nastaja naravno v razli\u010dnih procesih, kot je na\u0161 celi\u010dni metabolizem ali nepopolno zgorevanje organskih snovi, kot so naftna goriva, kar pomeni, da je v okolju vedno prisotna osnovna koncentracija.<\/p>\n

V veljavi je zavezujo\u010da mejna vrednost EU za poklicno exposure 0,37mg\/m\u00b3 (\u010dasovno tehtano povpre\u010dje).<\/p>\n

Nevarnosti, ki se lahko pojavijo<\/h2>\n

Ve\u010d kot 90 % formaldehida se absorbira skozi zgornja dihala. Akutna exposure formaldehidu lahko povzro\u010di glavobole in dra\u017eenje dihalnih poti, ko\u017ee in o\u010di. Kroni\u010dna exposure, pri nizkih ravneh koncentracije v zraku, lahko povzro\u010di te\u017eave z dihanjem, podobne astmi, in stik s ko\u017eo lahko povzro\u010di dra\u017eenje, ki se ka\u017ee kot dermatitis ali srbenje. Nekateri ljudje so bolj dovzetni za senzibilizirajo\u010de lastnosti kot drugi, zato se u\u010dinki exposure lahko pri nekaterih ljudeh ka\u017eejo druga\u010de ali pa sploh ne.
\nZnano je, da formaldehid povzro\u010da raka nosu in grla. Vi\u0161ja kot je koncentracija exposure in dalj\u0161e kot je trajanje exposure, ve\u010dje je tveganje za raka. Exposure formaldehidu lahko pove\u010da mo\u017enost za nastanek raka tudi pri ravneh, ki so prenizke, da bi povzro\u010dile simptome.<\/p>\n

Latenca med exposure in rakom nosu, povezanim s formaldehidom, se mo\u010dno razlikuje, od 2 let za nekatere akutne vrste raka do 15 let.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kaj lahko storite<\/h2>\n

Naju\u010dinkovitej\u0161i na\u010din za prepre\u010devanje exposure je, da se, kjer je to izvedljivo, nadomestijo izdelki z alternativami brez formaldehida (npr. kot razku\u017eilo). \u010ce nadomestitev ni mogo\u010da, je najbolj\u0161a re\u0161itev nadzor exposure z oblikovanjem in in\u017eenirskimi spremembami, kot so zaprti sistemi in namestitev lokalnega odsesovalnega prezra\u010devanja, kjer lahko pride do emisij. Ozna\u010dite vse me\u0161anice ali raztopine, ki vsebujejo formaldehid nad mejo za razvrstitev me\u0161anice v skladu z razvr\u0161\u010danje, ozna\u010devanje in pakiranje. Redno izvajajte ustrezne meritve exposure, da boste vedeli, kdaj in kje je treba ukrepati. Zaposlene nenehno ozave\u0161\u010dajte o u\u010dinkih exposure in jih usposabljajte o nevarnostih, varnih delovnih praksah in u\u010dinkovitih higienskih ukrepih. Priporo\u010dljivo je vklju\u010diti zdravnika medicine dela in spodbujati zaposlene k prijavi respiratornih simptomov. Osebna varovalna oprema, kot so respiratorji, je kratkoro\u010dna re\u0161itev za zmanj\u0161anje exposure in se sme uporabljati le kot zadnja mo\u017enost.<\/p>\n

Viri: ECHA, IARC, SCOEL<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","carcinogens":[6391],"class_list":["post-77312","fact","type-fact","status-publish","hentry","carcinogens-formaldehid-sl"],"yoast_head":"\nformaldehid - STOP carcinogens at work<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Formaldehid je sredstvo, ki povzro\u010da preob\u010dutljivost ko\u017ee in lahko ob prvi exposure povzro\u010di odziv imunskega sistema. 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