{"id":77315,"date":"2023-08-29T10:09:19","date_gmt":"2023-08-29T10:09:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/fact\/hidrazin\/"},"modified":"2026-09-09T11:44:30","modified_gmt":"2026-09-09T11:44:30","slug":"hidrazin","status":"publish","type":"fact","link":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sl\/fact\/hidrazin\/","title":{"rendered":"Hidrazin"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ocenjuje se, da je v EU pribli\u017eno 2,1 milijona zaposlenih potencialno izpostavljenih hidrazinu. Glavni na\u010dini mo\u017ene exposure ljudi hidrazinu so vdihavanje, zau\u017eitje in stik s ko\u017eo. Hidrazin je v skladu z uredbo razvr\u0161\u010danje, ozna\u010devanje in pakiranje razvr\u0161\u010den kot rakotvorne snovi kategorije 1B, kar pomeni, da lahko snov pri ljudeh povzro\u010di raka. Pove\u010da lahko tveganje za nastanek raka na plju\u010dih, debelem \u010drevesu in danki, nosu in jetrih.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Kje se pojavljajo tveganja<\/h2>\n

Hidrazin se uporablja v proizvodnji farmacevtskih izdelkov, agrokemikalij, kot kemi\u010dno pihalno sredstvo, v barvah, \u010drnilih in organskih barvilih, poliuretanskih premazih in lepilih. Poleg tega se hidrazin neposredno uporablja kot \u010distilec kisika, zaviralec korozije, redukcijsko sredstvo in pogonsko gorivo. Exposure se ve\u010dinoma pojavlja na delovnem mestu in je bila dokumentirana v papirni\u0161tvu, proizvodnji pnevmatik, voja\u0161ki in letalski industriji, kjer se hidrazin proizvaja ali obdeluje, na primer kot raketno gorivo in pri polnjenju bojnih letal.<\/p>\n

Ve\u010d o snovi<\/h2>\n

Hidrazin je brezbarvna oljnata teko\u010dina pri sobni temperaturi s prodornim vonjem po amoniaku. Njegova teko\u010dina in para sta vnetljivi. Me\u0161a se z metilnim, etilnim, propilnim in butilnim alkoholom, rahlo se me\u0161a z ogljikovodiki in halogeniranimi ogljikovodiki ter je netopen v kloroformu in etru. Uporablja se predvsem kot kemi\u010dni intermediat za proizvodnjo kmetijskih kemikalij (npr. pesticidov) in kemi\u010dnih pihalnih sredstev, polimernih dodatkov, polimerov, barvil in aktivnih farmacevtskih u\u010dinkovin. Uporablja se kot zaviralec korozije, kot talilo za spajkanje, kot kemikalija za obdelavo vode ter kot raketno in satelitsko gorivo.<\/p>\n

V veljavi je zavezujo\u010da poklicna mejna vrednost exposure v EU 0,013 mg\/m\u00b3 (\u010dasovno tehtano povpre\u010dje).<\/p>\n

Nevarnosti, ki se lahko pojavijo<\/h2>\n

Znano je, da je hidrazin toksi\u010den pri stiku s ko\u017eo, vdihavanju in zau\u017eitju. Simptomi akutne (kratkotrajne) exposure visokim ravnem hidrazina lahko vklju\u010dujejo dra\u017eenje o\u010di, nosu in grla, omotico, glavobol, slabost, plju\u010dni edem, epilepti\u010dne napade in komo pri ljudeh. Akutna exposure lahko pri ljudeh po\u0161koduje tudi jetra, ledvice in centralni \u017eiv\u010dni sistem. Teko\u010dina je jedka za ko\u017eo in o\u010di ter lahko povzro\u010di dermatitis zaradi stika s ko\u017eo.<\/p>\n

Dolgotrajna exposure lahko povzro\u010di raka na plju\u010dih, debelem \u010drevesu in danki, nosu in jetrih.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kaj lahko storite<\/h2>\n

Nadomestitev je mo\u017ena za dolo\u010dene uporabe, npr. kot protikorozijska za\u0161\u010dita in vezivo kisika v sistemih za toplo vodo\/paro ali kot talila. Na trgu so razli\u010dne formulacije kot nadomestki. Najbolj\u0161i kontrolni ukrepi vklju\u010dujejo zaprte procese. Posebni sistemi za doziranje lahko pomagajo prepre\u010diti neposredno exposure. Poleg tega so pogosti ukrepi lokalno odsesavanje in splo\u0161no prezra\u010devanje. Ko so te tehni\u010dne re\u0161itve iz\u010drpane, je treba uvesti naslednje delovne prakse: zagotavljanje informacij o nevarnostih in usposabljanje za zaposlene, zagotavljanje prh za izpiranje o\u010di in varnostnih prh, umivanje delov telesa ob koncu delovne izmene ter prepoved u\u017eivanja hrane, kajenja ali pitja na obmo\u010djih, kjer se ravna s kemikalijami. Nenehno izvajajte ustrezne meritve exposure, da veste, kdaj je treba ukrepati. Razi\u0161\u010dite, \u010de zaposleni poro\u010dajo o zgodnjih simptomih. Zaposleni morajo biti seznanjeni z u\u010dinki exposure.<\/p>\n

Osebna varovalna oprema mora biti sestavljena iz maske, o\u010dal, neprepustnih rokavic in obla\u010dil. Osebno varovalno opremo (OVO) je treba uporabiti le kot zadnjo mo\u017enost, po predstavitvi mo\u017enih tehni\u010dnih re\u0161itev. Poro\u010dali smo, da sta dobra praksa in uporaba ustrezne osebne varovalne opreme obi\u010dajna ukrepa v kmetijstvu.<\/p>\n

Viri: BAuA, razvr\u0161\u010danje, ozna\u010devanje in pakiranje, ECHA, IARC, KOM, SCOEL, US EPA<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","carcinogens":[6458],"class_list":["post-77315","fact","type-fact","status-publish","hentry","carcinogens-hidrazin-sl"],"yoast_head":"\nHidrazin - STOP carcinogens at work<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"V EU naj bi bilo potencialno izpostavljenih pribli\u017eno 2,1 milijona zaposlenih. 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