{"id":77317,"date":"2023-08-29T10:09:19","date_gmt":"2023-08-29T10:09:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/fact\/berilijeve-spojine\/"},"modified":"2026-09-09T11:44:40","modified_gmt":"2026-09-09T11:44:40","slug":"berilijeve-spojine","status":"publish","type":"fact","link":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sl\/fact\/berilijeve-spojine\/","title":{"rendered":"berilijeve spojine"},"content":{"rendered":"

Po najnovej\u0161ih ocenah je beriliju v EU potencialno izpostavljenih pribli\u017eno 20.000 zaposlenih. Berilij je v skladu z uredbo razvr\u0161\u010danje, ozna\u010devanje in pakiranje usklajeno razvr\u0161\u010den v kategorijo rakotvorne snovi 1B, kar pomeni, da pri ljudeh verjetno povzro\u010da plju\u010dnega raka.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Berilij lahko povzro\u010di tudi preob\u010dutljivost ko\u017ee in kroni\u010dno berilijevo bolezen. Glavni na\u010dini izpostavljenosti ljudi beriliju in njegovim spojinam so z vdihavanjem prahu in hlapov ter s stikom ko\u017ee z izdelki, ki vsebujejo berilij.<\/p>\n

Kje se pojavljajo tveganja<\/h2>\n

Postopki z domnevno najve\u010djo izpostavljenostjo so taljenje, ulivanje in vro\u010da obdelava ter mehansko bru\u0161enje berilijevih zlitin. Poklici z visokim tveganjem za izpostavljenost beriliju so izdelovalci in predelovalci berilijevih zlitin, kerami\u010darji, tehniki za rakete, delavci v jedrskih reaktorjih ter delavci v elektri\u010dni, elektronski in opti\u010dni opremi. Tveganja obstajajo tudi pri ulivanju barvnih kovin in primarni predelavi bakra, v primeru proizvodnje aluminija pa lahko izpostavljenost povzro\u010di vsebnost berilija v boksitu. Poklicna izpostavljenost lahko povzro\u010di tudi izpostavljenost beriliju na delovnih obla\u010dilih doma, \u010deprav je v nekaterih dr\u017eavah odna\u0161anje obla\u010dil domov prepovedano.<\/p>\n

Ve\u010d o snovi<\/h2>\n

Berilij je lahka kovina z nenavadno visokim tali\u0161\u010dem in razmerjem med trdnostjo in te\u017eo. Je najla\u017eja od vseh trdnih, kemi\u010dno stabilnih snovi. \u010cista kovina berilij in njegove zlitine z bakrom in aluminijem se uporabljajo v letalski industriji in vesoljskih vozilih, jedrskih reaktorjih in avdio komponentah. Anorganske berilijeve spojine z oksidom, kloridom, fluoridom, hidroksidom, sulfatom in nitratom se uporabljajo v \u0161tevilnih drugih aplikacijah.<\/p>\n

V EU velja zavezujo\u010da mejna vrednost za poklicno izpostavljenost v vi\u0161ini 0,0002 mg\/m\u00b3 od 11. julija 2026.<\/p>\n

Nevarnosti, ki se lahko pojavijo<\/h2>\n

Vdihavanje prahu, ki vsebuje berilij, lahko povzro\u010di zasoplost, ka\u0161elj, utrujenost, izgubo te\u017ee, vro\u010dino in no\u010dno potenje. V hudih primerih je lahko usodno pri vdihavanju in strupeno pri zau\u017eitju. Dolgotrajna izpostavljenost lahko povzro\u010di akutno ali kroni\u010dno berilijevo bolezen, progresivno plju\u010dno bolezen ali celo plju\u010dnega raka. Preob\u010dutljivost na berilij je lahko posledica vdihavanja ali izpostavljenosti ko\u017ee berilijevemu prahu, dimu, meglici ali raztopinam.<\/p>\n

Latentna doba raka, povezanega z berilijem, je od 15 do 25 let. <\/strong><\/p>\n

Kaj lahko storite<\/h2>\n

Naju\u010dinkovitej\u0161i na\u010din za prepre\u010devanje izpostavljenosti je uporaba alternativ brez berilija ali z ni\u017ejo koncentracijo berilija. \u010ce izdelkov, ki vsebujejo berilij, ni mogo\u010de nadomestiti, je treba izpostavljenost beriliju in njegovim spojinam zmanj\u0161ati s tehni\u010dnimi ukrepi (npr. uporaba v zaprtih sistemih, lokalno odsesavanje, kjer lahko pride do emisij). Za \u010di\u0161\u010denje opreme in povr\u0161in delovnih tal (stroji, tla) uporabljajte le sesanje ali mokro \u010di\u0161\u010denje. Ob\u010dasno izvajajte reprezentativne meritve izpostavljenosti, da boste vedeli, kdaj in kje je treba ukrepati. Zaposlene nenehno osve\u0161\u010dajte o u\u010dinkih izpostavljenosti in jih spodbujajte k poro\u010danju o zgodnjih simptomih. Priporo\u010dljivo je vklju\u010diti zdravnika medicine dela.<\/p>\n

Poleg tega zaposlene pou\u010dite o nevarnostih, varnih delovnih praksah in u\u010dinkovitih higienskih ukrepih. To dopolnite z osebno varovalno opremo, kjer izvedljivi nadzorni ukrepi ne zadostujejo za zmanj\u0161anje izpostavljenosti pod mejne vrednosti. Osebna varovalna oprema se sme uporabiti le kot zadnja mo\u017enost, potem ko so bile predstavljene mo\u017ene tehni\u010dne re\u0161itve. Zaposleni si morajo pred jedjo, kajenjem ali nana\u0161anjem kozmetike umiti obraz, roke in podlakti. Vedno se je treba izogibati dolgotrajnemu stiku ko\u017ee s prahom, ki vsebuje berilij.<\/p>\n

Reference: CLP, IARC, CDC, CAREX, OSHA, NIOSH, EC, BeST<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","carcinogens":[6393],"class_list":["post-77317","fact","type-fact","status-publish","hentry","carcinogens-berilijeve-spojine"],"yoast_head":"\nBerilijeve spojine Dejstva<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Berilijeve spojine so v skladu z uredbo razvr\u0161\u010danje, ozna\u010devanje in pakiranje usklajeno razvr\u0161\u010dene v rakotvorne snovi kategorije 1B, kar pomeni, da povzro\u010dajo plju\u010dnega raka.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sl\/fact\/berilijeve-spojine\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sl_SI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"berilijeve spojine\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Berilijeve spojine so v skladu 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