{"id":77317,"date":"2023-08-29T10:09:19","date_gmt":"2023-08-29T10:09:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/fact\/berilijeve-spojine\/"},"modified":"2025-09-16T08:49:43","modified_gmt":"2025-09-16T08:49:43","slug":"berilijeve-spojine","status":"publish","type":"fact","link":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sl\/fact\/berilijeve-spojine\/","title":{"rendered":"berilijeve spojine"},"content":{"rendered":"

Po najnovej\u0161ih ocenah je beriliju v EU potencialno izpostavljenih pribli\u017eno 20.000 zaposlenih. Berilij je v skladu z uredbo razvr\u0161\u010danje, ozna\u010devanje in pakiranje usklajeno razvr\u0161\u010den v kategorijo rakotvorne snovi 1B, kar pomeni, da pri ljudeh verjetno povzro\u010da plju\u010dnega raka. <\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Berilij lahko povzro\u010di tudi preob\u010dutljivost ko\u017ee in kroni\u010dno berilijevo bolezen. Glavni na\u010dini izpostavljenosti ljudi beriliju in njegovim spojinam so z vdihavanjem prahu in hlapov ter s stikom ko\u017ee z izdelki, ki vsebujejo berilij. <\/p>\n

Kje se pojavljajo tveganja<\/h2>\n

Postopki s predvidoma najve\u010djo izpostavljenostjo so taljenje, vlivanje in vro\u010da obdelava ter mehansko bru\u0161enje berilijevih zlitin. Poklici z visokim tveganjem izpostavljenosti beriliju so izdelovalci berilijevih zlitin, kerami\u010dni tehniki, raketni tehniki, zaposleni v jedrskih reaktorjih ter zaposleni z elektri\u010dno, elektronsko in opti\u010dno opremo. Tveganje obstaja tudi pri litju barvnih kovin in primarni predelavi bakra, pri proizvodnji aluminija pa je izpostavljenost lahko posledica vsebnosti berilija v boksitu. Poklicna izpostavljenost lahko povzro\u010di tudi doma\u010do izpostavljenost beriliju na delovnih obla\u010dilih, \u010deprav je v nekaterih dr\u017eavah no\u0161enje obla\u010dil domov prepovedano. <\/p>\n

Ve\u010d o snovi<\/h2>\n

Berilij je lahka kovina z nenavadno visoko temperaturo taljenja in razmerjem med trdnostjo in maso. Je najla\u017eja med vsemi trdnimi, kemi\u010dno stabilnimi snovmi. \u010cisti berilij in njegove zlitine z bakrom in aluminijem se uporabljajo v letalski industriji in vesoljskih vozilih, jedrskih reaktorjih in zvo\u010dnih komponentah. Anorganske berilijeve spojine z oksidom, kloridom, fluoridom, hidroksidom, sulfatom in nitratom se uporabljajo v \u0161tevilnih drugih aplikacijah. <\/p>\n

Nevarnosti, ki se lahko pojavijo<\/h2>\n

Pri vdihavanju prahu, ki vsebuje berilij, lahko pride do ote\u017eenega dihanja, ka\u0161lja, utrujenosti, izgube telesne te\u017ee, vro\u010dine in no\u010dnega potenja. V huj\u0161ih primerih je lahko pri vdihavanju smrtno nevaren, pri zau\u017eitju pa strupen. Dolgotrajna izpostavljenost lahko povzro\u010di akutno ali kroni\u010dno berilijevo bolezen, progresivno plju\u010dno bolezen ali celo plju\u010dnega raka. Senzibilizacija na berilij je lahko posledica vdihavanja ali izpostavljenosti ko\u017ee berilijevemu prahu, dimu, megli ali raztopinam. <\/p>\n

Latentna doba raka, povezanega z berilijem, je od 15 do 25 let. <\/strong><\/p>\n

Kaj lahko storite<\/h2>\n

Naju\u010dinkovitej\u0161i na\u010din za prepre\u010devanje izpostavljenosti je uporaba nadomestnih izdelkov brez berilija ali z ni\u017ejo koncentracijo berilija. \u010ce izdelkov, ki vsebujejo berilij, ni mogo\u010de nadomestiti, je treba izpostavljenost beriliju in njegovim spojinam zmanj\u0161ati s tehni\u010dnim nadzorom (npr. uporaba v zaprtih sistemih, lokalno izpu\u0161no prezra\u010devanje, kjer lahko pride do emisij). Opremo in delovne povr\u0161ine (stroje, tla) \u010distite samo s sesanjem ali mokrim \u010di\u0161\u010denjem. Redno izvajajte reprezentativne meritve izpostavljenosti, da boste vedeli, kdaj in kje je treba ukrepati. Zaposlene nenehno ozave\u0161\u010dajte o u\u010dinkih izpostavljenosti in jih spodbujajte, da poro\u010dajo o zgodnjih simptomih. Priporo\u010dljivo je, da vklju\u010dite zdravnika medicine dela.<\/p>\n

Poleg tega zaposlene usposobite za nevarnosti, varne delovne prakse in u\u010dinkovite higienske ukrepe. \u010ce izvedljivi nadzor ne zadostuje za zmanj\u0161anje izpostavljenosti pod mejne vrednosti, ga dopolnite z osebno varovalno opremo. Osebno varovalno opremo je treba uporabiti le kot zadnjo mo\u017enost, potem ko so bile predstavljene vse mo\u017ene tehni\u010dne re\u0161itve. Zaposleni naj si umivajo obraz, roke in podlakti, preden za\u010dnejo jesti, kaditi ali uporabljati kozmetiko. Vedno se je treba izogibati dolgotrajnemu stiku ko\u017ee s prahom, ki vsebuje berilij. <\/p>\n

Reference: razvr\u0161\u010danje, ozna\u010devanje in pakiranje, IARC, CDC, CAREX, OSHA, NIOSH, EC, BeST<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","carcinogens":[6393],"class_list":["post-77317","fact","type-fact","status-publish","hentry","carcinogens-berilijeve-spojine"],"yoast_head":"\nBerilijeve spojine Fakty<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Berilijeve spojine so v skladu z uredbo razvr\u0161\u010danje, ozna\u010devanje in pakiranje usklajeno razvr\u0161\u010dene v rakotvorne snovi kategorije 1B, kar pomeni, da povzro\u010dajo plju\u010dnega raka.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sl\/fact\/berilijeve-spojine\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sl_SI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"berilijeve spojine\" \/>\n<meta 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