{"id":77318,"date":"2023-08-29T10:09:21","date_gmt":"2023-08-29T10:09:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/fact\/nikljeve-spojine\/"},"modified":"2026-09-09T11:48:14","modified_gmt":"2026-09-09T11:48:14","slug":"nikljeve-spojine","status":"publish","type":"fact","link":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sl\/fact\/nikljeve-spojine\/","title":{"rendered":"nikljeve spojine"},"content":{"rendered":"

Po zadnjih ocenah iz leta 2019 je pribli\u017eno 80 000 zaposlenih v EU izpostavljenih zra\u010dnim hlapom, prahu in megli, ki vsebujejo nikelj in njegove spojine.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Nikljeve spojine so razvr\u0161\u010dene v kategorijo rakotvornih snovi 1A, kar pomeni, da so dokazano vzrok raka pri ljudeh. IARC kovinski nikelj uvr\u0161\u010da v skupino rakotvornih snovi 2B, kar pomeni, da je lahko rakotvoren za ljudi. Do izpostavljenosti pride z vdihavanjem, zau\u017eitjem ali stikom s ko\u017eo. Poleg tega se po izpostavljenosti niklju in nikljevim spojinam pojavijo ko\u017ene te\u017eave in u\u010dinki na dihala. Zaradi izpostavljenosti prahu iz rafinerije niklja in nikljevemu subsulfidu obstaja pove\u010dano tveganje za nastanek plju\u010dnega in nosnega raka.<\/p>\n

Kje se pojavljajo tveganja<\/h2>\n

Nikelj se v obliki razli\u010dnih zlitin in spojin \u0161iroko komercialno uporablja \u017ee ve\u010d kot 100 let. Nikljeve spojine in kovinski nikelj se uporabljajo v \u0161tevilnih industrijskih in komercialnih aplikacijah, vklju\u010dno z uporabo v nerjavnem jeklu in drugih nikljevih zlitinah, katalizatorjih, baterijah, pigmentih in keramiki. Ve\u010dina zaposlenih, izpostavljenih niklju in nikljevim spojinam v Evropski uniji, dela v proizvodnji kovinskih izdelkov, razen strojev in naprav, ter v proizvodnji transportne opreme. Poklicna izpostavljenost je pogosta pri zaposlenih, ki sodelujejo pri taljenju, varjenju, litju, barvanju z razpr\u0161ilom in bru\u0161enju niklja, nikljevih spojin in materialov, ki vsebujejo nikelj.<\/p>\n

Ve\u010d o snovi<\/h2>\n

Nikelj je srebrno-bela kovinska prvina, ki se nahaja v zemeljski skorji. Snov se v okolju naravno pojavlja v nizkih koncentracijah. Nikelj se lahko ve\u017ee z drugimi elementi in tvori nikljeve spojine. Zaradi svojih edinstvenih lastnosti ima nikelj \u0161tevilne industrijske uporabe. Ve\u010dina niklja se uporablja v kovinskih zlitinah, saj jim podeljuje koristne lastnosti, kot so odpornost proti koroziji, toplotna odpornost in trdota.<\/p>\n

Veljajo zavezujo\u010de mejne vrednosti EU za poklicno izpostavljenost v vi\u0161ini 0,01 mg\/m\u00b3 za frakcijo, ki se vdihuje, in 0,05 mg\/m\u00b3 za vdihljivo frakcijo (obe kot \u010dasovno tehtano povpre\u010dje).<\/p>\n

Nevarnosti, ki se lahko pojavijo<\/h2>\n

Poklicna izpostavljenost niklju se pojavi predvsem z vdihavanjem pra\u0161nih delcev in hlapov ali prek stika s ko\u017eo. Akutna izpostavljenost visokim ravnem niklja z vdihavanjem lahko povzro\u010di hude po\u0161kodbe plju\u010d in ledvic. Dolgotrajna izpostavljenost prahu iz rafinerije niklja vodi do pove\u010danega tveganja za nastanek plju\u010dnega in nosnega raka med zaposlenimi v rafinerijah niklja. Kroni\u010dna izpostavljenost ko\u017ee niklju lahko povzro\u010di dermatitis s te\u017eavami, kot so suha, razdra\u017eena ali srbe\u010da ko\u017ea. Kroni\u010dno vdihavanje kovinskega niklja in v vodi netopnih nikljevih spojin lahko povzro\u010di u\u010dinke na dihala, vklju\u010dno z zmanj\u0161anim delovanjem plju\u010d in bronhitisom. Kroni\u010dno vdihavanje topnih nikljevih spojin lahko povzro\u010di astmo.<\/p>\n

\u010cas med izpostavljenostjo niklju in pojavom simptomov raka se giblje od 13 do 24 let.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kaj lahko storite<\/h2>\n

Naju\u010dinkovitej\u0161i na\u010din za prepre\u010devanje izpostavljenosti je zamenjava z izdelki brez niklja ali z ni\u017ejo vsebnostjo niklja. \u010ce izdelkov, ki vsebujejo nikelj, ni mogo\u010de nadomestiti, je treba izpostavljenost niklju zmanj\u0161ati s tehni\u010dnimi ukrepi. Redno izvajajte ustrezne meritve izpostavljenosti, da boste vedeli, kdaj je treba ukrepati. Preverite, ali zaposleni poro\u010dajo o zgodnjih simptomih. Zaposlene nenehno ozave\u0161\u010dajte o u\u010dinkih izpostavljenosti. Poleg tega zaposlene pou\u010dite o nevarnostih, varnih delovnih praksah in u\u010dinkovitih higienskih ukrepih. To dopolnite z osebno varovalno opremo, kjer izvedljivi nadzorni ukrepi ne zadostujejo za zmanj\u0161anje izpostavljenosti pod mejne vrednosti.<\/p>\n

Osebno varovalno opremo je treba uporabiti le v skrajni sili, potem ko so bile predstavljene vse mo\u017ene tehni\u010dne re\u0161itve. Ker kovinski nikelj in nekatere nikljeve spojine lahko povzro\u010dijo preob\u010dutljivost ko\u017ee, je treba \u010dim bolj prepre\u010diti stik s ko\u017eo. \u010ce odprava ni mogo\u010da, je treba sprejeti nadzorne ukrepe za zmanj\u0161anje stika s ko\u017eo.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","carcinogens":[6382],"class_list":["post-77318","fact","type-fact","status-publish","hentry","carcinogens-nikljeve-spojine"],"yoast_head":"\nnikljeve spojine - STOP carcinogens at work<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Po zadnjih ocenah iz leta 2019 je pribli\u017eno 80 000 zaposlenih v EU izpostavljenih niklju in njegovim spojinam.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sl\/fact\/nikljeve-spojine\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sl_SI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"nikljeve spojine\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Po zadnjih ocenah iz leta 2019 je pribli\u017eno 80 000 zaposlenih v EU izpostavljenih niklju in njegovim spojinam.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sl\/fact\/nikljeve-spojine\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"STOP carcinogens at work\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-09-09T11:48:14+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"3 minute\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/sl\\\/fact\\\/nikljeve-spojine\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/sl\\\/fact\\\/nikljeve-spojine\\\/\",\"name\":\"nikljeve spojine - 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