{"id":77318,"date":"2023-08-29T10:09:21","date_gmt":"2023-08-29T10:09:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/fact\/nikljeve-spojine\/"},"modified":"2025-09-04T10:14:41","modified_gmt":"2025-09-04T10:14:41","slug":"nikljeve-spojine","status":"publish","type":"fact","link":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sl\/fact\/nikljeve-spojine\/","title":{"rendered":"nikljeve spojine"},"content":{"rendered":"<blockquote><p>Po zadnjih ocenah iz leta 2019 je pribli\u017eno 80 000 zaposlenih v EU izpostavljenih zra\u010dnim hlapom, prahu in megli, ki vsebujejo nikelj in njegove spojine.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Nikljeve spojine so razvr\u0161\u010dene v kategorijo rakotvornih snovi 1A, kar pomeni, da so dokazano vzrok raka pri ljudeh. IARC kovinski nikelj uvr\u0161\u010da v skupino rakotvornih snovi 2B, kar pomeni, da je lahko rakotvoren za ljudi. Do izpostavljenosti pride z vdihavanjem, zau\u017eitjem ali stikom s ko\u017eo. Poleg tega se po izpostavljenosti niklju in nikljevim spojinam pojavijo ko\u017ene te\u017eave in u\u010dinki na dihala. Zaradi izpostavljenosti prahu iz rafinerije niklja in nikljevemu subsulfidu obstaja pove\u010dano tveganje za nastanek plju\u010dnega in nosnega raka.    <\/p>\n<h2>Kje se pojavljajo tveganja<\/h2>\n<p>Nikelj se v obliki razli\u010dnih zlitin in spojin \u0161iroko komercialno uporablja \u017ee ve\u010d kot 100 let. Nikljeve spojine in kovinski nikelj se uporabljajo v \u0161tevilnih industrijskih in komercialnih aplikacijah, vklju\u010dno z uporabo v nerjavnem jeklu in drugih nikljevih zlitinah, katalizatorjih, baterijah, pigmentih in keramiki. Ve\u010dina zaposlenih, izpostavljenih niklju in nikljeve spojine v Evropski uniji, dela v proizvodnji kovinskih izdelkov, razen strojev in naprav, ter v proizvodnji transportne opreme. Poklicna izpostavljenost je pogosta pri zaposlenih, ki sodelujejo pri taljenju, varjenju, litju, barvanju z razpr\u0161ilom in bru\u0161enju niklja, nikljevih spojin in materialov, ki vsebujejo nikelj.   <\/p>\n<h2>Ve\u010d o snovi<\/h2>\n<p>Nikelj je srebrno bel kovinski element, ki ga najdemo v zemeljski skorji. Nikelj se lahko zdru\u017euje z drugimi elementi in tvori nikljeve spojine. Zaradi svojih edinstvenih lastnosti se nikelj velikokrat uporablja v industriji. Najve\u010d niklja se uporablja v kovinskih zlitinah, saj mu daje uporabne lastnosti, kot so odpornost proti koroziji, toplotna odpornost in trdota.   <\/p>\n<h2>Nevarnosti, ki se lahko pojavijo<\/h2>\n<p>Do poklicne izpostavljenosti niklju pride predvsem z vdihavanjem pra\u0161nih delcev in hlapov ali s stikom s ko\u017eo. Akutna izpostavljenost visokim koncentracijam niklja pri vdihavanju lahko povzro\u010di hude po\u0161kodbe plju\u010d in ledvic. Dolgotrajna izpostavljenost prahu rafinerije niklja vodi do pove\u010danega tveganja za nastanek raka na plju\u010dih in nosu med zaposlenimi v rafinerijah niklja. Kroni\u010dna dermalna izpostavljenost niklju lahko povzro\u010di dermatitis s te\u017eavami, kot so suha, razdra\u017eena ali srbe\u010da ko\u017ea. Kroni\u010dno vdihavanje kovinskega niklja in v vodi netopnih nikljevih spojin lahko povzro\u010di u\u010dinke na dihala, vklju\u010dno z zmanj\u0161ano plju\u010dno funkcijo in bronhitisom. Kroni\u010dno vdihavanje topnih nikljevih spojin lahko povzro\u010di astmo.     <\/p>\n<p><strong>\u010cas med izpostavljenostjo niklju in simptomi raka je od 13 do 24 let.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2>Kaj lahko storite<\/h2>\n<p>Naju\u010dinkovitej\u0161i na\u010din za prepre\u010devanje izpostavljenosti je zamenjava z izdelki brez niklja ali z manj niklja. \u010ce izdelkov, ki vsebujejo nikelj, ni mogo\u010de nadomestiti, je treba izpostavljenost niklju zmanj\u0161ati s tehni\u010dnim nadzorom. Nenehno izvajajte pravilne meritve izpostavljenosti, da boste vedeli, kdaj je treba ukrepati. Razi\u0161\u010dite, ali zaposleni poro\u010dajo o zgodnjih simptomih. Zaposlene stalno ozave\u0161\u010dajte o u\u010dinkih izpostavljenosti. Poleg tega zaposlene usposabljajte o nevarnostih, varnih delovnih postopkih in u\u010dinkovitih higienskih ukrepih. To dopolnite z osebno varovalno opremo, kadar izvedljivi nadzor ne zadostuje za zmanj\u0161anje izpostavljenosti pod mejne vrednosti.      <\/p>\n<p>Osebno varovalno opremo je treba uporabiti le v skrajni sili, potem ko so bile predstavljene vse mo\u017ene tehni\u010dne re\u0161itve. Ker kovinski nikelj in nekatere nikljeve spojine lahko povzro\u010dijo preob\u010dutljivost ko\u017ee, je treba \u010dim bolj prepre\u010diti stik s ko\u017eo. \u010ce odprava ni mogo\u010da, je treba sprejeti nadzorne ukrepe za zmanj\u0161anje stika s ko\u017eo.  <\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","carcinogens":[6382],"class_list":["post-77318","fact","type-fact","status-publish","hentry","carcinogens-nikljeve-spojine"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.0 (Yoast SEO v27.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>nikljeve spojine - STOP carcinogens at work<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Po zadnjih ocenah iz leta 2019 je pribli\u017eno 80 000 zaposlenih v EU izpostavljenih niklju in njegovim spojinam.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sl\/fact\/nikljeve-spojine\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sl_SI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"nikljeve spojine\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Po zadnjih ocenah iz leta 2019 je pribli\u017eno 80 000 zaposlenih v EU izpostavljenih niklju in njegovim spojinam.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sl\/fact\/nikljeve-spojine\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"STOP carcinogens at work\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-09-04T10:14:41+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"3 minute\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/sl\\\/fact\\\/nikljeve-spojine\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/sl\\\/fact\\\/nikljeve-spojine\\\/\",\"name\":\"nikljeve spojine - 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