{"id":77320,"date":"2023-08-29T10:09:21","date_gmt":"2023-08-29T10:09:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/fact\/kadmijeve-spojine\/"},"modified":"2026-09-09T11:47:52","modified_gmt":"2026-09-09T11:47:52","slug":"kadmijeve-spojine","status":"publish","type":"fact","link":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sl\/fact\/kadmijeve-spojine\/","title":{"rendered":"Kadmijeve spojine"},"content":{"rendered":"

V EU je kadmiju in njegovim spojinam potencialno izpostavljenih 10 000 zaposlenih. Do izpostavljenosti nevarnim ravnem kadmija lahko pride pri delu, kjer so zaposleni izpostavljeni kadmijevemu prahu ali hlapom.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Zaposleni so kadmiju lahko izpostavljeni pri taljenju in rafiniranju kovin ali iz zraka v industrijskih obratih za proizvodnjo baterij, premazov ali plastike. Prah in hlap se lahko pojavita tudi pri segrevanju spojin ali povr\u0161in, ki vsebujejo kadmij, ali pri delu zaposlenih, ki varijo, re\u017eejo ali spajkajo materiale, ki vsebujejo kadmij. Glavni na\u010din izpostavljenosti je vdihavanje, \u010deprav lahko pride tudi do naklju\u010dnega zau\u017eitja prahu z oku\u017eenih rok. Kadmij in kadmijeve spojine so v skladu z uredbo razvr\u0161\u010danje, ozna\u010devanje in pakiranje razvr\u0161\u010deni v rakotvorne snovi kategorije 1B, kar pomeni, da lahko pri ljudeh povzro\u010dijo raka. Kadmij in kadmijeve spojine povzro\u010dajo raka na plju\u010dih, opa\u017een pa je bil tudi rak ledvic in prostate.<\/p>\n

Kje se pojavljajo tveganja<\/h2>\n

Zaposleni v \u0161tevilnih panogah se lahko potencialno izpostavijo kadmiju. Potencial za izpostavljenost je najve\u010dji med zaposlenimi v proizvodnji in rafiniranju kadmija, proizvodnji Ni-Cd baterij, galvanizaciji, proizvodnji pigmentov in varilnih operacijah. Izpostavljeni zaposleni so predvsem v gradbeni\u0161tvu, proizvodnji kovinskih izdelkov (zlasti baterij), ne\u017eelezni industriji osnovnih kovin in proizvodnji plasti\u010dnih izdelkov, kot so okenski okvirji.<\/p>\n

Ve\u010d o snovi<\/h2>\n

Kadmij je naravno prisoten element v zemeljski skorji. Kovinski kadmij ima specifi\u010dne lastnosti, kot so odpornost proti koroziji, nizka temperatura taljenja, visoka toplotna in elektri\u010dna prevodnost. Zaradi teh lastnosti je primeren za \u0161iroko paleto industrijskih aplikacij. Mehka, brez vonja, srebrno-bela kovina je bila sprva uporabljena v barvnih pigmentih in kot nadomestek za kositer. Danes se pribli\u017eno tri \u010detrtine kadmija uporablja kot elektrodna komponenta v alkalnih baterijah. Preostanek se uporablja v pigmentih, premazih, prevlekah in kot stabilizator za plastiko.<\/p>\n

V veljavi je zavezujo\u010da mejna vrednost poklicne izpostavljenosti EU 0,004mg\/m\u00b3 (ki se vdihuje) in 0,001mg\/m\u00b3 (vdihljiva frakcija).<\/p>\n

Nevarnosti, ki se lahko pojavijo<\/h2>\n

Izpostavljenost kadmiju lahko povzro\u010di dra\u017eenje sluznic nosu in zgornjih dihalnih poti. Akutna izpostavljenost z vdihavanjem (visoke ravni v kratkem \u010dasovnem obdobju) lahko povzro\u010di gripi podobne simptome (mrzlica, vro\u010dina in bole\u010dine v mi\u0161icah) in lahko po\u0161koduje plju\u010da. Kroni\u010dna izpostavljenost (nizka raven v dalj\u0161em \u010dasovnem obdobju) lahko povzro\u010di bolezni ledvic, prostate in plju\u010d. Primarni in najresnej\u0161i \u0161kodljivi u\u010dinki na zdravje zaradi dolgotrajne izpostavljenosti kadmiju vklju\u010dujejo ledvi\u010dno disfunkcijo, plju\u010dnega raka in raka prostate.<\/p>\n

Latenca med izpostavljenostjo in rakom, povezanim s kadmijem, je pribli\u017eno 10 let.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kaj lahko storite<\/h2>\n

Naju\u010dinkovitej\u0161i na\u010din za prepre\u010devanje izpostavljenosti je nadome\u0161\u010danje izdelkov z alternativami brez kadmija ali z ni\u017ejo koncentracijo kadmija. Na voljo so izvedljive, manj toksi\u010dne alternative kadmiju za polnilne baterije (nikelj-metal hidrid), prevleke (cink, naparjeni aluminij), pigmente (cerijev sulfid) in stabilizatorje plastike. \u010ce izdelkov, ki vsebujejo kadmij, ni mogo\u010de nadomestiti, zmanj\u0161ajte izpostavljenost kadmiju na minimum z in\u017eenirskimi kontrolami, kot so zaprti sistemi, splo\u0161no prezra\u010devanje in u\u010dinkovito lokalno odsesovalno prezra\u010devanje, kjer lahko pride do emisij. Periodi\u010dno izvajajte reprezentativne meritve izpostavljenosti, da bo znano, kdaj je treba ukrepati. Razi\u0161\u010dite, ali zaposleni poro\u010dajo o zgodnjih simptomih, in vklju\u010dite zdravnika medicine dela. Ker je kadmij kumulativni toksin, je biolo\u0161ko spremljanje kadmija v urinu dober pokazatelj, ki podpira oceno izpostavljenosti za celotno telesno obremenitev in predstavlja primeren parameter za prepre\u010devanje po\u0161kodb ledvic. Zaposlene nenehno ozave\u0161\u010dajte o u\u010dinkih izpostavljenosti. Administrativni ukrepi vklju\u010dujejo omejevanje \u010dasa, ko zaposleni opravlja naloge, ki vklju\u010dujejo potencialno izpostavljenost kadmiju.<\/p>\n

Poleg tega usposobite zaposlene o nevarnostih, varnih delovnih praksah in u\u010dinkovitih higienskih ukrepih. To dopolnite z osebno varovalno opremo, kjer izvedljivi nadzorni ukrepi niso zadostni za zmanj\u0161anje izpostavljenosti pod mejne vrednosti. Osebna varovalna oprema naj se uporablja le kot zadnja mo\u017enost, potem ko so bile iz\u010drpane morebitne tehni\u010dne re\u0161itve. Ker lahko pride do zau\u017eitja kadmija zaradi stika roka-usta po kontaminaciji ko\u017ee, \u010dim bolj prepre\u010dite stik s ko\u017eo in bodite \u0161e posebej pozorni na osebno higieno.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","carcinogens":[6394],"class_list":["post-77320","fact","type-fact","status-publish","hentry","carcinogens-kadmijeve-spojine"],"yoast_head":"\nKadmijeve spojine - STOP carcinogens at work<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"V EU je kadmiju in njegovim spojinam potencialno izpostavljenih 10 000 zaposlenih.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sl\/fact\/kadmijeve-spojine\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sl_SI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Kadmijeve spojine\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"V EU je kadmiju in njegovim spojinam potencialno izpostavljenih 10 000 zaposlenih.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sl\/fact\/kadmijeve-spojine\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"STOP carcinogens at work\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-09-09T11:47:52+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"3 minute\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/sl\\\/fact\\\/kadmijeve-spojine\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/sl\\\/fact\\\/kadmijeve-spojine\\\/\",\"name\":\"Kadmijeve spojine - 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