{"id":77320,"date":"2023-08-29T10:09:21","date_gmt":"2023-08-29T10:09:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/fact\/kadmijeve-spojine\/"},"modified":"2025-09-04T10:14:42","modified_gmt":"2025-09-04T10:14:42","slug":"kadmijeve-spojine","status":"publish","type":"fact","link":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sl\/fact\/kadmijeve-spojine\/","title":{"rendered":"kadmijeve spojine"},"content":{"rendered":"

V EU je kadmiju in njegovim spojinam potencialno izpostavljenih 10 000 zaposlenih. Do izpostavljenosti nevarnim ravnem kadmija lahko pride pri delu, kjer so zaposleni izpostavljeni kadmijevemu prahu ali hlapom. <\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Zaposleni so kadmiju lahko izpostavljeni pri taljenju in rafiniranju kovin ali iz zraka v industrijskih obratih za proizvodnjo baterij, premazov ali plastike. Prah in hlap se lahko pojavijo tudi pri segrevanju spojin ali povr\u0161in, ki vsebujejo kadmij, ali pri delu zaposlenih, ki varijo, rezajo ali spajkajo materiale, ki vsebujejo kadmij. Glavni na\u010din izpostavljenosti je vdihavanje, \u010deprav lahko pride tudi do naklju\u010dnega zau\u017eitja prahu z oku\u017eenih rok. Kadmij in kadmijeve spojine so v skladu z uredbo razvr\u0161\u010danje, ozna\u010devanje in pakiranje razvr\u0161\u010deni v rakotvorne snovi kategorije 1B, kar pomeni, da lahko pri ljudeh povzro\u010dijo raka. Kadmij in kadmijeve spojine povzro\u010dajo raka na plju\u010dih, opa\u017een pa je bil tudi rak ledvic in prostate. <\/p>\n

Kje se pojavljajo tveganja<\/h2>\n

Kadmiju so lahko izpostavljeni zaposleni v \u0161tevilnih panogah. Najve\u010dja mo\u017enost izpostavljenosti je med zaposlenimi v proizvodnji in rafiniranju kadmija, proizvodnji Ni-Cd baterij, galvanizaciji, proizvodnji pigmentov in varjenju. Izpostavljeni zaposleni so predvsem v gradbeni\u0161tvu, proizvodnji kovinskih izdelkov (zlasti baterij), industriji barvnih osnovnih kovin in proizvodnji plasti\u010dnih izdelkov, kot so okenski okvirji. <\/p>\n

Ve\u010d o snovi<\/h2>\n

Kadmij je naravni element, ki se nahaja v zemeljski skorji. Kovinski kadmij ima posebne lastnosti, kot so odpornost proti koroziji, nizka temperatura taljenja ter visoka toplotna in elektri\u010dna prevodnost. Zaradi teh lastnosti je primeren za razli\u010dne industrijske aplikacije. Mehka, srebrno bela kovina brez vonja se je najprej uporabljala v pigmentih za barve in kot nadomestek kositra. Danes se pribli\u017eno tri \u010detrtine kadmija uporablja kot sestavni del elektrod v alkalnih baterijah. Preostanek se uporablja v pigmentih, premazih, prevlekah in kot stabilizator za plastiko. <\/p>\n

Nevarnosti, ki se lahko pojavijo<\/h2>\n

Izpostavljenost kadmiju lahko povzro\u010di dra\u017eenje sluznice nosu in zgornjih dihalnih poti. Akutna izpostavljenost pri vdihavanju (visoke ravni v kratkem \u010dasu) lahko povzro\u010di simptome, podobne gripi (mrzlica, vro\u010dina in bole\u010dine v mi\u0161icah), in lahko po\u0161koduje plju\u010da. Kroni\u010dna izpostavljenost (nizke ravni v dalj\u0161em \u010dasovnem obdobju) lahko povzro\u010di bolezni ledvic, prostate in plju\u010d. Glavni in najresnej\u0161i \u0161kodljivi u\u010dinki na zdravje zaradi dolgotrajne izpostavljenosti kadmiju so motnje v delovanju ledvic, plju\u010dni rak in rak prostate. <\/p>\n

Latenca med izpostavljenostjo in rakom, povezanim s kadmijem, je pribli\u017eno 10 let.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kaj lahko storite<\/h2>\n

Naju\u010dinkovitej\u0161i na\u010din za prepre\u010devanje izpostavljenosti je zamenjava izdelkov z nadomestnimi izdelki brez kadmija ali z manj\u0161o koncentracijo kadmija. Za baterije za ponovno polnjenje (nikelj-metalhidrid), prevleke (cink, aluminij v pari), pigmente (cerijev sulfid) in stabilizatorje plastike so na voljo izvedljive, manj strupene alternative kadmiju. \u010ce izdelkov, ki vsebujejo kadmij, ni mogo\u010de nadomestiti, zmanj\u0161ajte izpostavljenost kadmiju na najmanj\u0161o mo\u017eno mero s tehni\u010dnim nadzorom, kot so zaprti sistemi, splo\u0161no prezra\u010devanje in u\u010dinkovito lokalno izpu\u0161no prezra\u010devanje, kjer lahko pride do emisij. Redno izvajajte reprezentativne meritve izpostavljenosti, da boste vedeli, kdaj je treba ukrepati. Razi\u0161\u010dite, ali zaposleni poro\u010dajo o zgodnjih simptomih, in vklju\u010dite zdravnika medicine dela. Ker je kadmij kumulativni toksikant, je biolo\u0161ko spremljanje kadmija v urinu dober kazalnik, ki podpira oceno izpostavljenosti za celotno obremenitev telesa in predstavlja primeren parameter za prepre\u010devanje po\u0161kodb ledvic. Zaposlene nenehno ozave\u0161\u010dajte o u\u010dinkih izpostavljenosti. Administrativni ukrepi vklju\u010dujejo omejitev \u010dasa, ko zaposleni opravlja naloge, pri katerih je lahko izpostavljen kadmiju. <\/p>\n

Poleg tega zaposlene usposabljate za nevarnosti, varne delovne prakse in u\u010dinkovite higienske ukrepe. \u010ce izvedljivi nadzor ne zadostuje za zmanj\u0161anje izpostavljenosti pod mejne vrednosti, to dopolnite z osebno varovalko. Osebno varovalno opremo uporabljajte le kot zadnjo mo\u017enost, potem ko so iz\u010drpane vse mo\u017ene tehni\u010dne re\u0161itve. Ker lahko pride do zau\u017eitja kadmija zaradi stika rok z usti po kontaminaciji ko\u017ee, \u010dim bolj prepre\u010dite stik s ko\u017eo in posebej pazite na osebno higieno. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","carcinogens":[6394],"class_list":["post-77320","fact","type-fact","status-publish","hentry","carcinogens-kadmijeve-spojine"],"yoast_head":"\nkadmijeve spojine - STOP carcinogens at work<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"V EU je kadmiju in njegovim spojinam potencialno izpostavljenih 10 000 zaposlenih.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sl\/fact\/kadmijeve-spojine\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sl_SI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"kadmijeve spojine\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"V EU je kadmiju in njegovim spojinam potencialno izpostavljenih 10 000 zaposlenih.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sl\/fact\/kadmijeve-spojine\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"STOP carcinogens at work\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-09-04T10:14:42+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"3 minute\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/sl\\\/fact\\\/kadmijeve-spojine\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/sl\\\/fact\\\/kadmijeve-spojine\\\/\",\"name\":\"kadmijeve spojine - 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