{"id":77326,"date":"2023-08-29T10:09:24","date_gmt":"2023-08-29T10:09:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/fact\/epiklorohidrin\/"},"modified":"2025-09-04T10:14:40","modified_gmt":"2025-09-04T10:14:40","slug":"epiklorohidrin","status":"publish","type":"fact","link":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sl\/fact\/epiklorohidrin\/","title":{"rendered":"epiklorohidrin"},"content":{"rendered":"

Najnovej\u0161a ocena \u0161tevila izpostavljenih zaposlenih v EU epiklorohidrin (1-kloro-2,3-epoksipropanu) iz leta 2011 je pribli\u017eno 44 000. Kot glavni na\u010din izpostavljenosti se \u0161teje vdihavanje, vendar so zaposleni lahko izpostavljeni tudi pri stiku s ko\u017eo. Epiklorohidrin je razvr\u0161\u010den v rakotvorne snovi kategorije 1B (v skladu z uredbo razvr\u0161\u010danje, ozna\u010devanje in pakiranje), kar pomeni, da se na podlagi dokazov v preskusih na \u017eivalih domneva, da je rakotvoren za ljudi. Izpostavljenost epiklorohidrin je povezana s pojavom plju\u010dnega raka in tumorjev osrednjega \u017eiv\u010dnega sistema. <\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Kje se pojavljajo tveganja<\/h2>\n

Do poklicne izpostavljenosti epiklorohidrin lahko pride pri njegovi proizvodnji iz klora in pri proizvodnji epoksidnih smol, ki se uporabljajo za premaze, lepila in plastiko. Epoksidne smole se razli\u010dno uporabljajo v industrijskih sektorjih, kot so barve, lepila, avtomobilska in letalska industrija, gradbeni\u0161tvo, oprema za obnovljive vire energije in elektronika (uporabljajo se za plo\u0161\u010de s tiskanimi vezji in za zapiranje elektronskih komponent, da se za\u0161\u010ditijo pred po\u0161kodbami). Poleg tega se epiklorohidrin uporablja v posebnih smolah in polimerih za \u010di\u0161\u010denje vode, smolah z visoko mokro trdnostjo za papirno industrijo ali z ionsko izmenjavo za \u010di\u0161\u010denje zraka in vode. Poleg tega se uporablja kot topilo za celulozne estre in etre, pri predelavi volne in bomba\u017ea ter v gumarstvu. Poleg tega med poklice, pri katerih obstaja tveganje za izpostavljenost, spadajo zaposleni v obratih za kemi\u010dno sintezo poliolov za proizvodnjo trdih poliuretanskih pen in povr\u0161insko aktivnih sredstev za pralne izdelke. <\/p>\n

Ve\u010d o snovi<\/h2>\n

Epiklorohidrin je brezbarvna vnetljiva teko\u010dina ostrega vonja po \u010desnu, zmerno topna v vodi, vendar me\u0161ljiva z ve\u010dino polarnih organskih topil. Pri zgorevanju tvori strupene in jedke hlape vodikovega klorida in klora. Epiklorohidrin burno reagira z aluminijem, cinkom, alkoholi, fenoli, amini in organskimi kislinami; to povzro\u010da nevarnost po\u017eara in eksplozije. <\/p>\n

Nevarnosti, ki se lahko pojavijo<\/h2>\n

Kot primarni na\u010din izpostavljenosti se \u0161teje vdihavanje hlapov epiklorohidrin, vendar je mo\u017een tudi velik vnos skozi ko\u017eo. Kratkotrajna izpostavljenost epiklorohidrin lahko povzro\u010di dra\u017eenje o\u010di, dihalnih poti in ko\u017ee. Vdihavanje hlapov lahko povzro\u010di reakcije, podobne astmi. Poleg tega lahko stik z epiklorohidrinom razdra\u017ei in ope\u010de ko\u017eo in o\u010di. Pri visokih stopnjah izpostavljenosti se lahko pojavijo slabost, bruhanje, ka\u0161elj, te\u017eko dihanje, vnetje plju\u010d, plju\u010dni edem, u\u010dinki na osrednji \u017eiv\u010dni sistem ter po\u0161kodbe ledvic in jeter. Ponavljajo\u010d se ali dolgotrajen stik z epiklorohidrinom lahko povzro\u010di preob\u010dutljivost ko\u017ee. Poleg tega lahko kroni\u010dna izpostavljenost epiklorohidrinu vpliva na ledvice, jetra in plju\u010da ter pove\u010da tveganje za limfnega in hemopoetskega raka. <\/p>\n

Kaj lahko storite<\/h2>\n

Naju\u010dinkovitej\u0161i na\u010din za prepre\u010devanje izpostavljenosti je zamenjava epiklorohidrina, na primer z alternativnimi metodami za proizvodnjo epoksidnih smol; nadomestki za epikoksidne smole v razli\u010dnih aplikacijah, kot so premazi, gradbeni\u0161tvo, lepila, laminati in kompoziti; alternativnimi postopki za sintezo glicerina; in nadomestki za epiklorohidrinske elastomere. Kadar zamenjava epiklorohidrina ni mogo\u010da in se uporabi epiklorohidrina ni mogo\u010de izogniti, je treba sprejeti ukrepe za zmanj\u0161anje izpostavljenosti. <\/p>\n

Naju\u010dinkovitej\u0161i na\u010din za prepre\u010devanje izpostavljenosti epiklorodrinu je razvoj in uporaba zaprtih sistemov. Kadar to ni mogo\u010de, je treba izvajati tehni\u010dne ukrepe, kot je u\u010dinkovito lokalno izpu\u0161no prezra\u010devanje, dopolnjeno z dobrim prezra\u010devanjem delovnega mesta, ter preverjati njihovo u\u010dinkovitost, da se zagotovi \u010dim manj\u0161a izpostavljenost, kolikor je to tehni\u010dno mogo\u010de. <\/p>\n

Izvajajte redne ocene izpostavljenosti, da preverite, ali so va\u0161i za\u0161\u010ditni ukrepi u\u010dinkoviti in ali je treba sprejeti dodatne ukrepe. Zaposleni se morajo zavedati u\u010dinkov izpostavljenosti in jih je treba redno usposabljati za nadzorne ukrepe, potrebne za varno delo z epiklorohidrini, da se prepre\u010di izpostavljenost. Priporo\u010dljivo je vklju\u010diti zdravnika medicine dela. Spodbujajte zaposlene, da poro\u010dajo o zgodnjih simptomih. Poleg tega je treba vse zaposlene pou\u010diti, da si pred odmorom ali vstopom v drugo obmo\u010dje ustrezno umijejo roke ter da se ob koncu vsake izmene umijejo in preobujejo. <\/p>\n

Zagotovite, da imajo zaposleni ustrezno osebno varovalno opremo, kot so za\u0161\u010ditna obla\u010dila in rokavice, \u010de je to potrebno. Osebna varovalna oprema se ne sme uporabljati kot edini preventivni ukrep. Pred tem je treba izvesti \u010dim ve\u010d zgoraj navedenih tehni\u010dnih in organizacijskih ukrepov. Poleg tega je treba pri izbiri opreme upo\u0161tevati anatomijo zaposlenih, ki jo bodo uporabljali, pri za\u0161\u010ditni opremi za dihala, ki temelji na prilagoditvi obraza, pa je zelo priporo\u010dljivo, da se pri vsaki osebi opravi preskus prileganja. <\/p>\n

Osebno varovalno opremo je treba uporabljati le v skrajni sili in le za\u010dasno, ko so iz\u010drpane vse tehni\u010dne re\u0161itve. Zaposleni morajo biti dele\u017eni potrebnega usposabljanja in informacij za pravilno uporabo in vzdr\u017eevanje osebne varovalne opreme. <\/p>\n

Reference: ECHA, razvr\u0161\u010danje, ozna\u010devanje in pakiranje, IARC, ICSC, IOM<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","carcinogens":[6431],"class_list":["post-77326","fact","type-fact","status-publish","hentry","carcinogens-epiklorohidrin-sl"],"yoast_head":"\nepiklorohidrin - STOP carcinogens at work<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Be aware of what you work with! We collected all the important information these causing substances in easy-to-understand factsheets.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sl\/fact\/epiklorohidrin\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sl_SI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"epiklorohidrin\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Be aware of what you work with! 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