{"id":77328,"date":"2023-08-29T10:09:24","date_gmt":"2023-08-29T10:09:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/fact\/kobaltove-spojine\/"},"modified":"2026-09-09T11:31:59","modified_gmt":"2026-09-09T11:31:59","slug":"kobaltove-spojine","status":"publish","type":"fact","link":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sl\/fact\/kobaltove-spojine\/","title":{"rendered":"kobaltove spojine"},"content":{"rendered":"

V Evropski uniji je kobaltu in kobaltovim spojinam lahko izpostavljenih pribli\u017eno 80 000 zaposlenih. Glavni na\u010din izpostavljenosti kobaltu pri delu je vdihavanje delcev kobalta. Izpostavljenost kobaltu je povezana s pove\u010danim tveganjem za plju\u010dne in sr\u010dne bolezni. Kovinski kobalt in ve\u010d spojin so v skladu z razvr\u0161\u010danjem, ozna\u010devanjem in pakiranjem usklajeno razvr\u0161\u010deni v rakotvorne snovi kategorije 1B, kar pomeni, da pri ljudeh verjetno povzro\u010dajo raka. Poleg tega se lahko po izpostavljenosti kovinskemu kobaltu ali kobaltovim spojinam pojavi alergijska ko\u017ena reakcija ali alergijska astma. Opisano je tudi, da kobalt in \u0161tevilne kobaltove spojine \u0161kodujejo plodnosti nerojenega otroka.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Kje se pojavljajo tveganja<\/h2>\n

Kobalt je prisoten v razli\u010dnih aplikacijah in izdelkih, npr. kot magneti in katalizatorji. Sprva so kobaltove spojine industrijsko proizvajali kot toplotno odporne pigmente in barvila zaradi njihove mo\u010dne modre barve. Danes se kobalt uporablja predvsem kot superzlitina zaradi temperaturne stabilnosti in kot sestavni del katodnega materiala za polnilne baterije. Pri proizvodnji in uporabi orodij za rezanje trdih kovin in diamantov se kobalt uporablja kot vezivni material. Izpostavljenost se lahko pojavi v obliki prahu in delcev med varjenjem, galvanizacijo ali pri povr\u0161inski obdelavi, kot je pasivacija. Recikliranje baterij, proizvodnja orodij iz trdih kovin in orodij, ki vsebujejo kobalt, ter ravnanje s pra\u0161ki, ki vsebujejo kobaltove spojine, so dodatni na\u010dini exposure. Uporaba kobalta in njegovih spojin je raz\u0161irjena. Pomembni delovni sektorji so industrija baterij, kovinska industrija, kemi\u010dna industrija, rafinerijska industrija, proizvodnja pigmentov, tekstilna in usnjarska industrija, lesna in papirna industrija. Aplikacije najdemo med drugim v avtomobilski industriji, letalski in obrambni industriji.<\/p>\n

Ve\u010d o snovi<\/h2>\n

Kobalt je v naravi prisotna te\u017eka kovina brez vonja, jekleno sive barve, sijo\u010da in trda. Obstajajo razli\u010dne kobaltove soli z razli\u010dno topnostjo, ki so pomembne za industrijo, npr. kobaltov sulfat, kobaltov dinitrat, kobaltov karbonat ali kobaltov diacetat. Poleg tega kobalt pove\u010duje odpornost proti obrabi, trdoto in mehansko trdnost, npr. pri rezalnih orodjih. Skupaj z volframovim karbidom se uporablja kot vezivo v proizvodnji trdih kovin. Katalizatorji, ki vsebujejo kobalt, so potrebni za proizvodnjo \u010distih goriv z nizko vsebnostjo \u017evepla. Pri za\u0161\u010diti pred korozijo se kobalt uporablja za materiale v toplih ali vro\u010dih okoljih, npr. v prostorih motorjev, zavorah in elektri\u010dnih delih v ohi\u0161jih.<\/p>\n

Nevarnosti, ki se lahko pojavijo<\/h2>\n

Najve\u010dji potencial za poklicno izpostavljenost kobaltu in kobaltovim spojinam je z vdihavanjem delcev v zraku. Obstaja tudi tveganje za dermalno ali oralno exposure kobaltu zaradi stika roke z usti. Izpostavljenost visokim koncentracijam delcev kobalta v zraku iz proizvodnje trdih kovin ali poliranja diamantov lahko povzro\u010di akutne te\u017eave z dihanjem in celo pnevmonitis (kobaltna plju\u010dna bolezen ali plju\u010dna bolezen trdih kovin). Kobalt se lahko absorbira v krvni obtok bodisi skozi plju\u010da bodisi skozi prebavila. Dolgoro\u010dni u\u010dinki dolgotrajne, neprekinjene izpostavljenosti kobaltu lahko vklju\u010dujejo preob\u010dutljivost ko\u017ee in plju\u010d, okvarjeno delovanje plju\u010d, poklicno astmo, plju\u010dno fibrozo, sr\u010dno popu\u0161\u010danje in plju\u010dnega raka.<\/p>\n

Kaj lahko storite<\/h2>\n

Naju\u010dinkovitej\u0161i na\u010din za prepre\u010devanje exposure je zamenjava z varnej\u0161imi alternativami brez kobalta. Kjer zamenjava kobalta in kobaltovih spojin ni mogo\u010da in se uporabi kobalta ni mogo\u010de izogniti, je treba sprejeti ukrepe za zmanj\u0161anje exposure. Naju\u010dinkovitej\u0161i na\u010din za prepre\u010devanje exposure kobaltu je razvoj in uporaba zaprtih sistemov. Kjer to ni mogo\u010de, je treba izvajati tehni\u010dne ukrepe, kot so u\u010dinkovito lokalno odsesavanje, dobro prezra\u010devanje delovnega mesta, da se zagotovi, da je exposure \u010dim bolj zmanj\u0161ana, kolikor je tehni\u010dno mogo\u010de. Izvajajte redne meritve exposure, da preverite, ali so va\u0161i za\u0161\u010ditni ukrepi u\u010dinkoviti ali pa je treba sprejeti dodatne ukrepe. Biolo\u0161ko spremljanje lahko podpira meritve exposure, \u010de je to primerno v nacionalni zakonodaji.<\/p>\n

Zaposleni se morajo zavedati u\u010dinkov exposure in jih je treba spodbujati, da poro\u010dajo o zgodnjih simptomih te\u017eav z dihanjem ali ko\u017enih alergijah. Priporo\u010dljivo je vklju\u010diti zdravnika medicine dela. Zaposlene je treba usposobiti o nadzornih ukrepih, potrebnih za varno delo s kobaltom, da se prepre\u010di exposure) Poleg tega je treba vse zaposlene pou\u010diti, da si pred odmorom ali vstopom v drugo obmo\u010dje pravilno umijejo roke ter da se ob koncu vsake izmene umijejo in preoble\u010dejo. Po potrebi zagotovite, da imajo zaposleni ustrezno osebno varovalno opremo, kot so za\u0161\u010ditna obla\u010dila in rokavice. Osebna varovalna oprema naj se uporablja le kot zadnja mo\u017enost, potem ko so bili upo\u0161tevani mo\u017eni tehni\u010dni ukrepi.<\/p>\n

Reference: razvr\u0161\u010danje, ozna\u010devanje in pakiranje, ECHA (RAC), Cobalt Institute<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","carcinogens":[6367],"class_list":["post-77328","fact","type-fact","status-publish","hentry","carcinogens-kobaltove-spojine"],"yoast_head":"\nkobaltove spojine - STOP carcinogens at work<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Izpostavljenost kobaltu je povezana s pove\u010danim tveganjem za plju\u010dne in sr\u010dne bolezni. Kobalt naj bi \u0161kodoval plodnosti ali nerojenemu otroku.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sl\/fact\/kobaltove-spojine\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sl_SI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"kobaltove spojine\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Izpostavljenost kobaltu je povezana s pove\u010danim tveganjem za plju\u010dne in sr\u010dne bolezni. Kobalt naj bi \u0161kodoval plodnosti ali nerojenemu otroku.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sl\/fact\/kobaltove-spojine\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"STOP carcinogens at work\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-09-09T11:31:59+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"4 minuta\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/sl\\\/fact\\\/kobaltove-spojine\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/sl\\\/fact\\\/kobaltove-spojine\\\/\",\"name\":\"kobaltove spojine - STOP carcinogens at work\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/sl\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2023-08-29T10:09:24+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-09-09T11:31:59+00:00\",\"description\":\"Izpostavljenost kobaltu je povezana s pove\u010danim tveganjem za plju\u010dne in sr\u010dne bolezni. Kobalt naj bi \u0161kodoval plodnosti ali nerojenemu otroku.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/sl\\\/fact\\\/kobaltove-spojine\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"sl-SI\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/sl\\\/fact\\\/kobaltove-spojine\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/sl\\\/fact\\\/kobaltove-spojine\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/sl\\\/stop-rakotvorne-snovi-na-delovnem-mestu-posodobitev\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Facts\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/sl\\\/fact\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Vse rakotvorne snovi\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/sl\\\/carcinogens\\\/vse-rakotvorne-snovi\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":4,\"name\":\"kobaltove spojine\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/sl\\\/carcinogens\\\/kobaltove-spojine\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":5,\"name\":\"kobaltove spojine\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/sl\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/sl\\\/\",\"name\":\"STOP Carcinogens at work\",\"description\":\"Every year, about 100.000 people die from cancer that was caused by exposure to carcinogens at work in Europe.\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/sl\\\/#organization\"},\"alternateName\":\"Roadmap on Carcinogens\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/sl\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"sl-SI\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/sl\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"TNO\",\"alternateName\":\"This is a European wide voluntary action scheme\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/sl\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"sl-SI\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/sl\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/08\\\/cropped-FavLarge-1.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/08\\\/cropped-FavLarge-1.png\",\"width\":512,\"height\":512,\"caption\":\"TNO\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/sl\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/legal\\\/\",\"ownershipFundingInfo\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/general\\\/about-us\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"kobaltove spojine - STOP carcinogens at work","description":"Izpostavljenost kobaltu je povezana s pove\u010danim tveganjem za plju\u010dne in sr\u010dne bolezni. Kobalt naj bi \u0161kodoval plodnosti ali nerojenemu otroku.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sl\/fact\/kobaltove-spojine\/","og_locale":"sl_SI","og_type":"article","og_title":"kobaltove spojine","og_description":"Izpostavljenost kobaltu je povezana s pove\u010danim tveganjem za plju\u010dne in sr\u010dne bolezni. Kobalt naj bi \u0161kodoval plodnosti ali nerojenemu otroku.","og_url":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sl\/fact\/kobaltove-spojine\/","og_site_name":"STOP carcinogens at work","article_modified_time":"2026-09-09T11:31:59+00:00","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"4 minuta"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sl\/fact\/kobaltove-spojine\/","url":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sl\/fact\/kobaltove-spojine\/","name":"kobaltove spojine - STOP carcinogens at work","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sl\/#website"},"datePublished":"2023-08-29T10:09:24+00:00","dateModified":"2026-09-09T11:31:59+00:00","description":"Izpostavljenost kobaltu je povezana s pove\u010danim tveganjem za plju\u010dne in sr\u010dne bolezni. Kobalt naj bi \u0161kodoval plodnosti ali nerojenemu otroku.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sl\/fact\/kobaltove-spojine\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"sl-SI","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sl\/fact\/kobaltove-spojine\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sl\/fact\/kobaltove-spojine\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sl\/stop-rakotvorne-snovi-na-delovnem-mestu-posodobitev\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Facts","item":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sl\/fact\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Vse rakotvorne snovi","item":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sl\/carcinogens\/vse-rakotvorne-snovi\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":4,"name":"kobaltove spojine","item":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sl\/carcinogens\/kobaltove-spojine\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":5,"name":"kobaltove spojine"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sl\/#website","url":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sl\/","name":"STOP Carcinogens at work","description":"Every year, about 100.000 people die from cancer that was caused by exposure to carcinogens at work in Europe.","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sl\/#organization"},"alternateName":"Roadmap on Carcinogens","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sl\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"sl-SI"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sl\/#organization","name":"TNO","alternateName":"This is a European wide voluntary action scheme","url":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sl\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"sl-SI","@id":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sl\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/cropped-FavLarge-1.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/cropped-FavLarge-1.png","width":512,"height":512,"caption":"TNO"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sl\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"publishingPrinciples":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/legal\/","ownershipFundingInfo":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/general\/about-us\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/fact\/77328","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/fact"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/fact"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=77328"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"carcinogens","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/carcinogens?post=77328"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}