{"id":77328,"date":"2023-08-29T10:09:24","date_gmt":"2023-08-29T10:09:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/fact\/kobaltove-spojine\/"},"modified":"2025-09-04T10:14:41","modified_gmt":"2025-09-04T10:14:41","slug":"kobaltove-spojine","status":"publish","type":"fact","link":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sl\/fact\/kobaltove-spojine\/","title":{"rendered":"kobaltove spojine"},"content":{"rendered":"

V Evropski uniji je kobaltu in kobaltovim spojinam lahko izpostavljenih pribli\u017eno 80 000 zaposlenih. Glavni na\u010din izpostavljenosti kobaltu pri delu je vdihavanje delcev kobalta. Izpostavljenost kobaltu je povezana s pove\u010danim tveganjem za plju\u010dne in sr\u010dne bolezni. Kovinski kobalt in ve\u010d spojin so v skladu z razvr\u0161\u010danjem, ozna\u010devanjem in pakiranjem usklajeno razvr\u0161\u010deni v rakotvorne snovi kategorije 1B, kar pomeni, da pri ljudeh verjetno povzro\u010dajo raka. Poleg tega se lahko po izpostavljenosti kovinskemu kobaltu ali kobaltovim spojinam pojavi alergijska ko\u017ena reakcija ali alergijska astma. Opisano je tudi, da kobalt in \u0161tevilne kobaltove spojine \u0161kodujejo plodnosti nerojenega otroka. <\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Kje se pojavljajo tveganja<\/h2>\n

Kobalt je prisoten v razli\u010dnih aplikacijah in izdelkih, npr. v magnetih in katalizatorjih. Sprva so kobaltove spojine zaradi mo\u010dne modre barve industrijsko proizvajali kot toplotno odporne pigmente in barvila. Danes se kobalt zaradi temperaturne stabilnosti uporablja predvsem kot superzlitina in kot sestavina katodnega materiala za akumulatorske baterije. Pri proizvodnji in uporabi rezalnih orodij iz trdih kovin in diamantov se kobalt uporablja kot vezni material. Do izpostavljenosti lahko pride v obliki prahu in delcev med varjenjem, galvanizacijo ali pri povr\u0161inski obdelavi, kot je pasiviranje. Recikliranje baterij, proizvodnja orodij iz trdih kovin in orodij, ki vsebujejo kobalt, ter ravnanje s pra\u0161ki, ki vsebujejo kobaltove spojine, so nadaljnji na\u010dini izpostavljenosti. Uporaba kobalta in njegovih spojin je zelo raz\u0161irjena. Ustrezni sektorji dela so industrija baterij, kovinska industrija, kemi\u010dna industrija, rafinerija, proizvodnja pigmentov, tekstilna, usnjarska, lesna in papirna industrija. Med drugim se uporablja v avtomobilskem, letalskem in vesoljskem ter obrambnem sektorju. <\/p>\n

Ve\u010d o snovi<\/h2>\n

Kobalt je v naravi prisotna te\u017eka kovina brez vonja, jekleno sive barve, sijo\u010da in trda. Obstajajo razli\u010dne kobaltove soli z razli\u010dno topnostjo, ki so pomembne za industrijo, npr. kobaltov sulfat, kobaltov dinitrat, kobaltov karbonat ali kobaltov diacetat. Poleg tega kobalt pove\u010duje odpornost proti obrabi, trdoto in mehansko trdnost, npr. pri rezalnih orodjih. Skupaj z volframovim karbidom se uporablja kot vezivo v proizvodnji trdih kovin. Katalizatorji, ki vsebujejo kobalt, so potrebni za proizvodnjo \u010distih goriv z nizko vsebnostjo \u017evepla. Pri za\u0161\u010diti pred korozijo se kobalt uporablja za materiale v toplih ali vro\u010dih okoljih, npr. v prostorih motorjev, zavorah in elektri\u010dnih delih v ohi\u0161jih. <\/p>\n

Nevarnosti, ki se lahko pojavijo<\/h2>\n

Najve\u010dja mo\u017enost poklicne izpostavljenosti kobaltu in kobaltovim spojinam je z vdihavanjem delcev v zraku. Obstaja tudi nevarnost dermalne ali oralne izpostavljenosti kobaltu pri stiku z rokami. Izpostavljenost visokim koncentracijam delcev kobalta v zraku pri proizvodnji trdih kovin ali poliranju diamantov lahko povzro\u010di akutne te\u017eave z dihali in celo plju\u010dnico (kobaltova plju\u010dna bolezen ali plju\u010dna bolezen trdih kovin). Kobalt se lahko absorbira v krvni obtok skozi plju\u010da ali prebavila. Dolgoro\u010dni u\u010dinki dolgotrajne in neprekinjene izpostavljenosti kobaltu lahko vklju\u010dujejo preob\u010dutljivost ko\u017ee in plju\u010d, oslabljeno delovanje plju\u010d, poklicno astmo, plju\u010dno fibrozo, odpoved srca in plju\u010dnega raka. <\/p>\n

Kaj lahko storite<\/h2>\n

Naju\u010dinkovitej\u0161i na\u010din za prepre\u010devanje izpostavljenosti je zamenjava z varnej\u0161imi alternativami brez kobalta. Kadar zamenjava kobalta in kobaltovih spojin ni mogo\u010da in se uporabi kobalta ni mogo\u010de izogniti, je treba sprejeti ukrepe za zmanj\u0161anje izpostavljenosti. Naju\u010dinkovitej\u0161i na\u010din za prepre\u010devanje izpostavljenosti kobaltu je razvoj in uporaba zaprtih sistemov. Kadar to ni mogo\u010de, je treba izvajati tehni\u010dne ukrepe, kot so u\u010dinkovito lokalno izpu\u0161no prezra\u010devanje, dobro prezra\u010devanje delovnega mesta, da se zagotovi \u010dim manj\u0161a izpostavljenost, kolikor je to tehni\u010dno mogo\u010de. Izvajajte redne meritve izpostavljenosti, da preverite, ali so va\u0161i uvedeni za\u0161\u010ditni ukrepi u\u010dinkoviti ali pa je treba sprejeti dodatne ukrepe. Meritve izpostavljenosti lahko podprete z biolo\u0161kim spremljanjem, \u010de je to ustrezno v nacionalni zakonodaji. <\/p>\n

Zaposleni se morajo zavedati u\u010dinkov izpostavljenosti in jih je treba spodbujati, da poro\u010dajo o zgodnjih simptomih te\u017eav z dihali ali ko\u017enih alergij. Priporo\u010dljivo je vklju\u010diti zdravnika medicine dela. Zaposlene je treba usposobiti za nadzorne ukrepe, ki so potrebni za varno delo s kobaltom, da se prepre\u010di izpostavljenost) Poleg tega je treba vse zaposlene pou\u010diti, da si pred odmorom ali vstopom v drugo obmo\u010dje ustrezno umijejo roke ter da se ob koncu vsake izmene umijejo in preobujejo. Zagotovite, da imajo zaposleni ustrezno osebno varovalno opremo, kot so za\u0161\u010ditna obla\u010dila in rokavice, \u010de je to potrebno. Osebno varovalno opremo je treba uporabiti le v skrajni sili, potem ko so bili preu\u010deni mo\u017eni tehni\u010dni ukrepi. <\/p>\n

Reference: razvr\u0161\u010danje, ozna\u010devanje in pakiranje, ECHA (RAC), Cobalt Institute<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","carcinogens":[6367],"class_list":["post-77328","fact","type-fact","status-publish","hentry","carcinogens-kobaltove-spojine"],"yoast_head":"\nkobaltove spojine - STOP carcinogens at work<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Izpostavljenost kobaltu je povezana s pove\u010danim tveganjem za plju\u010dne in sr\u010dne bolezni. 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