{"id":77330,"date":"2024-01-04T09:19:19","date_gmt":"2024-01-04T09:19:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/fact\/13-butadien\/"},"modified":"2026-09-09T11:43:22","modified_gmt":"2026-09-09T11:43:22","slug":"13-butadien","status":"publish","type":"fact","link":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sl\/fact\/13-butadien\/","title":{"rendered":"1,3 butadien"},"content":{"rendered":"

Po zadnjih ocenah je 27.600 zaposlenih v EU potencialno izpostavljenih 1,3-butadienu (1,3-BD). Podatki iz let 1990\u20131993 so pokazali, da je bilo izpostavljenih pribli\u017eno 31.600 zaposlenih. Do exposure prihaja predvsem z vdihavanjem. 1,3-BD je usklajeno razvr\u0161\u010den kot rakotvorne snovi kategorije 1A (snovi, za katere je znano, da imajo rakotvorni potencial za ljudi, predvsem na podlagi dokazov o ljudeh) v skladu z uredbo razvr\u0161\u010danje, ozna\u010devanje in pakiranje. Glavni rakotvorni u\u010dinki so levkemija in limfom).<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Kje se pojavljajo tveganja<\/h2>\n

1,3-butadien se uporablja predvsem pri proizvodnji sinteti\u010dnih kav\u010dukov (vklju\u010dno s stiren-butadienskim kav\u010dukom), termoplasti\u010dnih smol, lateksa in kot kemi\u010dni intermediat (pri proizvodnji neoprena za avtomobilsko in industrijsko gumo, pri proizvodnji metilmetakrilat-butadien-stirenskega polimera, ki se uporablja kot oja\u010devalec PVC, in pri proizvodnji adiponitrila (prekurzorja najlona)).<\/p>\n

Glavna poklicna exposure se pojavlja v obratih za proizvodnjo monomerov 1,3-BD in v obratih za proizvodnjo gume\/polimerov na osnovi stirena-1,3-BD. Poklici z visokim tveganjem exposure vklju\u010dujejo procesne tehnike pri razkladanju, v skladi\u0161\u010du cistern ter na obmo\u010djih \u010di\u0161\u010denja, polimerizacije in reakcije, laboratorijske tehnike in vzdr\u017eevalce.<\/p>\n

Poleg tega so zaposleni lahko izpostavljeni 1,3-BD iz tokov proizvodov naftnih rafinerij ali dima, ki nastaja med elektrokirurgijo.<\/p>\n

Ve\u010d o snovi<\/h2>\n

1,3-BD je brezbarven plin, ki nastaja pri parnem krekingu parafinskih ogljikovodikov. Emisije 1,3-BD v okolje izhajajo tudi iz virov, kot so avtomobilski izpu\u0161ni plini, cigaretni dim, dim lesnih po\u017earov ter izgorevanje gume in plastike. Ni znano, da bi se 1,3-BD pogosto pojavljal kot naravni proizvod.<\/p>\n

Nevarnosti, ki se lahko pojavijo<\/h2>\n

Najve\u010dji potencial za poklicno exposure na 1,3-BD je z vdihavanjem. Exposure z zau\u017eitjem hrane in pitne vode naj bi bila zelo nizka, \u010de se upo\u0161tevajo ustrezni osnovni higienski ukrepi. Akutna exposure na 1,3-BD lahko povzro\u010di zaspanost ali omotico. Kroni\u010dna exposure na 1,3-BD je povezana s pove\u010danim tveganjem za hemato-limfopoetski rak (tj. levkemija in\/ali limfom).<\/p>\n

Kaj lahko storite<\/h2>\n

Nadomestitev je treba upo\u0161tevati pri aplikacijah, kjer je to izvedljivo. \u010ce alternative niso na voljo ali se 1,3-BD lahko pojavi kot stranski produkt, redno izvajajte ocene exposure, da bo znano, kdaj je treba ukrepati.<\/p>\n

Obstaja ve\u010d na\u010dinov za zmanj\u0161anje exposure na 1,3-BD. Prednostni pristop je uporaba tehni\u010dnih kontrol, kot so lokalno odsesavanje in modifikacija procesa. \u010ce ti ukrepi niso zadostni, se lahko izvedejo drugi ukrepi, vklju\u010dno z zahtevo po za\u0161\u010diti dihal, kjer prezra\u010devanje ni izvedljivo, zahtevo, da se zaposleni tu\u0161irajo in preoble\u010dejo v uli\u010dna obla\u010dila, preden zapustijo obrat, in izdajo za\u0161\u010ditnih o\u010dal in \u0161\u010ditnikov za obraz zaposlenim po potrebi.<\/p>\n

Poleg tega je pomembno usposobiti zaposlene o tveganjih, varnih delovnih praksah in u\u010dinkovitih higienskih ukrepih. Osebna varovalna oprema (OVO) naj se uporablja le kot zadnja mo\u017enost, po uvedbi vseh mo\u017enih tehni\u010dnih in organizacijskih re\u0161itev.<\/p>\n

Reference: RAC, IARC, ATSDR, NFA, OSHA, COM<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","carcinogens":[6435],"class_list":["post-77330","fact","type-fact","status-publish","hentry","carcinogens-13-butadien-sl"],"yoast_head":"\n1,3 butadien - STOP carcinogens at work<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"1,3-BD je brezbarven plin, ki nastaja pri parnem krekingu parafinskih ogljikovodikov. Emisije 1,3-BD v okolje izhajajo tudi iz virov, kot so avtomobilski izpu\u0161ni plini, cigaretni dim, dim lesnih po\u017earov ter izgorevanje gume in plastike. 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