{"id":77330,"date":"2024-01-04T09:19:19","date_gmt":"2024-01-04T09:19:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/fact\/13-butadien\/"},"modified":"2025-09-04T10:16:11","modified_gmt":"2025-09-04T10:16:11","slug":"13-butadien","status":"publish","type":"fact","link":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sl\/fact\/13-butadien\/","title":{"rendered":"1,3 butadien"},"content":{"rendered":"

Po zadnjih ocenah je 1,3-butadien (1,3-BD) v EU lahko izpostavljenih 27 600 zaposlenih. Podatki za obdobje 1990-1993 so pokazali, da je bilo izpostavljenih pribli\u017eno 31 600 zaposlenih. Do izpostavljenosti prihaja predvsem z vdihavanjem. 1,3-BD je v skladu z uredbo razvr\u0161\u010danje, ozna\u010devanje in pakiranje usklajeno razvr\u0161\u010den v rakotvorne snovi kategorijo 1A (snovi, za katere je znano, da so rakotvorne za ljudi predvsem na podlagi dokazov o \u010dloveku). Glavni u\u010dinki rakotvornih snovi so levkemija in limfom). <\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Kje se pojavljajo tveganja<\/h2>\n

1,3-butadien se uporablja predvsem v proizvodnji sinteti\u010dnih kav\u010dukov (vklju\u010dno s stiren-butadienskim kav\u010dukom), termoplasti\u010dnih smol, lateksa in kot vmesni kemijski proizvod (v proizvodnji neoprena za avtomobilsko in industrijsko gumo, v proizvodnji metilmetakrilat-butadien-stirenskega polimera, ki se uporablja kot sredstvo za oja\u010ditev PVC, in v proizvodnji adiponitrila (predhodnika najlona)).<\/p>\n

Do glavne poklicne izpostavljenosti prihaja v obratih za proizvodnjo monomerov 1,3-BD in v obratih za proizvodnjo gume\/polimerov na osnovi stirena-1,3-BD. Poklici z visokim tveganjem izpostavljenosti vklju\u010dujejo procesne tehnike pri raztovarjanju, v rezervoarjih ter na obmo\u010djih \u010di\u0161\u010denja, polimerizacije in reakcije, laboratorijske tehnike in vzdr\u017eevalce. <\/p>\n

Poleg tega so zaposleni lahko izpostavljeni 1,3-BD iz tokov proizvodov naftnih rafinerij ali dima, ki nastaja med elektrokirurgijo.<\/p>\n

Ve\u010d o snovi<\/h2>\n

1,3-BD je brezbarven plin, ki nastaja pri parnem krekingu parafinskih ogljikovodikov. Emisije 1,3-BD v okolje izhajajo tudi iz virov, kot so avtomobilski izpu\u0161ni plini, cigaretni dim, dim lesnih po\u017earov ter izgorevanje gume in plastike. Ni znano, da bi se 1,3-BD pogosto pojavljal kot naravni proizvod. <\/p>\n

Nevarnosti, ki se lahko pojavijo<\/h2>\n

Najve\u010dja mo\u017enost poklicne izpostavljenosti 1,3-BD je pri vdihavanju. Izpostavljenost z zau\u017eitjem hrane in pitne vode naj bi bila ob upo\u0161tevanju ustreznih osnovnih higienskih ukrepov zelo majhna. Akutna izpostavljenost 1,3-BD lahko povzro\u010di zaspanost ali omotico. Kroni\u010dna izpostavljenost 1,3-BD je povezana s pove\u010danim tveganjem za hemato-limfopoetskega raka (tj. levkemijo in\/ali limfom). <\/p>\n

Kaj lahko storite<\/h2>\n

Kadar je to izvedljivo, je treba pri uporabi upo\u0161tevati zamenjavo. \u010ce alternative niso na voljo ali se 1,3-BD lahko pojavi kot stranski proizvod, redno izvajajte ocene izpostavljenosti, da boste vedeli, kdaj je treba ukrepati. <\/p>\n

Obstaja ve\u010d na\u010dinov za zmanj\u0161anje izpostavljenosti 1,3-BD. Najprimernej\u0161i pristop je uporaba tehni\u010dnega nadzora, kot sta lokalno izpu\u0161no prezra\u010devanje in sprememba postopka. \u010ce ti ukrepi ne zadostujejo, se lahko izvajajo drugi ukrepi, vklju\u010dno z zahtevo po za\u0161\u010diti dihal, kadar prezra\u010devanje ni izvedljivo, zahtevo, da se zaposleni pred odhodom iz obrata oprhajo in preoble\u010dejo v obla\u010dila, ter izdajo zaposlenim za\u0161\u010ditna o\u010dala in \u0161\u010ditnike za za\u0161\u010dito pred brizganjem, \u010de je to potrebno. <\/p>\n

Poleg tega je pomembno, da zaposlene usposobite za tveganja, varne delovne prakse in u\u010dinkovite higienske ukrepe. Osebno varovalno opremo (OVO) je treba uporabljati le v skrajni sili, po uvedbi vseh mo\u017enih tehni\u010dnih in organizacijskih re\u0161itev. <\/p>\n

Reference: RAC, IARC, ATSDR, NFA, OSHA, COM<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","carcinogens":[6435],"class_list":["post-77330","fact","type-fact","status-publish","hentry","carcinogens-13-butadien-sl"],"yoast_head":"\n1,3 butadien - STOP carcinogens at work<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"1,3-BD je brezbarven plin, ki nastaja pri parnem krekingu parafinskih ogljikovodikov. Emisije 1,3-BD v okolje izhajajo tudi iz virov, kot so avtomobilski izpu\u0161ni plini, cigaretni dim, dim lesnih po\u017earov ter izgorevanje gume in plastike. 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