{"id":77331,"date":"2023-08-29T10:09:24","date_gmt":"2023-08-29T10:09:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/fact\/akrilonitril\/"},"modified":"2026-09-09T11:32:33","modified_gmt":"2026-09-09T11:32:33","slug":"akrilonitril","status":"publish","type":"fact","link":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sl\/fact\/akrilonitril\/","title":{"rendered":"akrilonitril"},"content":{"rendered":"

Pribli\u017eno 10.000 do 33.000 zaposlenih v EU je na svojih delovnih mestih izpostavljenih akrilonitrilu. Kot glavni na\u010din izpostavljenosti se \u0161teje vdihavanje, \u010deprav so zaposleni lahko izpostavljeni tudi pri stiku s ko\u017eo, saj akrilonitril zlahka prodre skozi ko\u017eo.<\/p>\n

Akrilonitril je razvr\u0161\u010den v rakotvorne snovi kategorije 1B (v skladu z uredbo razvr\u0161\u010danje, ozna\u010devanje in pakiranje), kar pomeni, da se na podlagi dokazov na \u017eivalih domneva, da je rakotvoren za ljudi. Izpostavljenost akrilonitrilu lahko povzro\u010di plju\u010dnega raka, obstajajo pa tudi dokazi, da lahko akrilonitril povzro\u010di raka na mehurju.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Kje se pojavljajo tveganja<\/h2>\n

Akrilonitril se primarno uporablja kot surovina za proizvodnjo akrilnih in modakrilnih tekstilnih vlaken. Druge glavne uporabe vklju\u010dujejo proizvodnjo kemikalij, izdelkov iz gume in plasti\u010dnih mas; akrilonitril in stiren se skupaj uporabljata tudi pri proizvodnji stiren-akrilonitrilnih (SAN) in akrilonitril-butadien-stirenskih (ABS) smol.<\/p>\n

Ve\u010d o snovi<\/h2>\n

Akrilonitril je pri normalni temperaturi in tlaku bistra, brezbarvna teko\u010dina ostrega vonja. Majhne koli\u010dine akrilonitrila se spro\u0161\u010dajo med zgorevanjem rastlinskih snovi, kot so biomasa, les in tobak. Akrilonitril se pogosto uporablja v letalskem, obrambnem, vesoljskem in avtomobilskem sektorju.<\/p>\n

Velja zavezujo\u010da mejna vrednost EU za poklicno izpostavljenost v vi\u0161ini 1 mg\/m\u00b3.<\/p>\n

Nevarnosti, ki se lahko pojavijo<\/h2>\n

Pri vdihavanju ali absorpciji prek stika s ko\u017eo je glavni cilj strupenosti osrednje \u017eiv\u010devje.<\/p>\n

Akrilonitril lahko povzro\u010di tudi lokalno dra\u017eenje ko\u017ee, o\u010di in dihalnih poti ter preob\u010dutljivost ko\u017ee. Del te strupenosti je posledica presnove akrilonitrila v cianid.<\/p>\n

Pri vi\u0161jih ravneh izpostavljenosti je akrilonitril povezan tudi z drugimi u\u010dinki, kot so \u0161ibkost okon\u010din, ote\u017eeno dihanje, omotica, motena presoja, cianoza in slabost, pa vse do kolapsa, nerednega dihanja in kr\u010dev, odvisno od odmerka in trajanja izpostavljenosti.<\/p>\n

Akutna izpostavljenost teko\u010dim ali parnim oblikam akrilonitrila pri vdihavanju (pogosto kot posledica nenamernega spro\u0161\u010danja) je bila povezana z vrsto u\u010dinkov, vklju\u010dno z dra\u017eenjem sluznice nosu, o\u010di in zgornjih dihalnih poti.<\/p>\n

Glede latentne dobe med izpostavljenostjo in rakom na mo\u017eganih, povezanim z akrilonitrilom, velja 30-letna latentna doba.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kaj lahko storite<\/h2>\n

Naju\u010dinkovitej\u0161i na\u010din za prepre\u010devanje izpostavljenosti na delovnem mestu je zamenjava akrilonitrila; na primer pri proizvodnji ABS se lahko nadomesti z metakrilonitrilom (2-metil-2-propen-nitril). Kadar zamenjava akrilonitrila ni mogo\u010da in se njegovi uporabi ni mogo\u010de izogniti, je treba sprejeti ukrepe za zmanj\u0161anje izpostavljenosti.<\/p>\n

Naju\u010dinkovitej\u0161i na\u010din za prepre\u010devanje izpostavljenosti akrilonitrilu je razvoj in uporaba zaprtih sistemov. Kadar to ni mogo\u010de, je treba izvajati tehni\u010dne ukrepe, kot je u\u010dinkovito lokalno odsesavanje, dopolnjeno z dobrim prezra\u010devanjem delovnega mesta in preverjanjem njihove u\u010dinkovitosti, da se zagotovi \u010dim manj\u0161a izpostavljenost, kolikor je to tehni\u010dno mogo\u010de.<\/p>\n

Izvajajte redne ocene izpostavljenosti, da preverite, ali so va\u0161i za\u0161\u010ditni ukrepi u\u010dinkoviti ali pa so potrebni nadaljnji ukrepi. Zaposleni morajo biti seznanjeni z u\u010dinki izpostavljenosti in se redno usposabljati o nadzornih ukrepih, potrebnih za varno delo z akrilonitrilom, da se prepre\u010di izpostavljenost. Priporo\u010dljivo je vklju\u010diti zdravnika medicine dela.<\/p>\n

Zagotovite, da imajo zaposleni po potrebi ustrezno osebno varovalno opremo, kot so za\u0161\u010ditna obla\u010dila in rokavice. Osebna varovalna oprema se ne sme uporabljati kot edini preventivni ukrep. Pred tem je treba izvesti \u010dim ve\u010d zgoraj navedenih tehni\u010dnih in organizacijskih ukrepov. Poskrbite za uporabo prave osebne varovalne opreme, kot so za\u0161\u010dita za o\u010di in obraz, rokavice, za\u0161\u010ditna obla\u010dila in za\u0161\u010dita dihal. Poleg tega je treba pri izbiri opreme upo\u0161tevati anatomijo zaposlenih, ki jo bodo uporabljali, v primeru opreme za za\u0161\u010dito dihal, ki temelji na prilagoditvi obrazu, pa se mo\u010dno priporo\u010da, da se pri vsaki osebi opravi test tesnjenja. Poleg tega je treba vse zaposlene pou\u010diti, naj si pred odmorom ali vstopom v drug prostor pravilno umijejo roke, ob koncu vsake izmene pa se umijejo in preoble\u010dejo.<\/p>\n

Osebno varovalno opremo je treba uporabljati le v skrajni sili in le za\u010dasno, ko so iz\u010drpane vse tehni\u010dne re\u0161itve. Zaposleni morajo biti dele\u017eni potrebnega usposabljanja in informacij za pravilno uporabo in vzdr\u017eevanje osebne varovalne opreme.<\/p>\n

Reference:, razvr\u0161\u010danje, ozna\u010devanje in pakiranje, IARC, ocena u\u010dinka, RAC<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","carcinogens":[6437],"class_list":["post-77331","fact","type-fact","status-publish","hentry","carcinogens-akrilonitril-sl"],"yoast_head":"\nakrilonitril - STOP carcinogens at work<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"V EU je akrilonitrilu izpostavljenih od 10.000 do 33.000 zaposlenih. 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