{"id":77331,"date":"2023-08-29T10:09:24","date_gmt":"2023-08-29T10:09:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/fact\/akrilonitril\/"},"modified":"2025-09-04T10:14:42","modified_gmt":"2025-09-04T10:14:42","slug":"akrilonitril","status":"publish","type":"fact","link":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sl\/fact\/akrilonitril\/","title":{"rendered":"akrilonitril"},"content":{"rendered":"

Pribli\u017eno 10.000 do 33.000 zaposlenih v EU je na svojih delovnih mestih izpostavljenih akrilonitrilu. Kot glavni na\u010din izpostavljenosti se \u0161teje vdihavanje, \u010deprav so zaposleni lahko izpostavljeni tudi pri stiku s ko\u017eo, saj akrilonitril zlahka prodre skozi ko\u017eo. <\/p>\n

Akrilonitril je razvr\u0161\u010den v rakotvorne snovi kategorije 1B (v skladu z uredbo razvr\u0161\u010danje, ozna\u010devanje in pakiranje), kar pomeni, da se na podlagi dokazov na \u017eivalih domneva, da je rakotvoren za ljudi. Izpostavljenost akrilonitrilu lahko povzro\u010di plju\u010dnega raka, obstajajo pa tudi dokazi, da lahko akrilonitril povzro\u010di raka na mehurju. <\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Kje se pojavljajo tveganja<\/h2>\n

Akrilonitril se primarno uporablja kot surovina za proizvodnjo akrilnih in modakrilnih tekstilnih vlaken. Druge glavne uporabe vklju\u010dujejo proizvodnjo kemikalij, izdelkov iz gume in plasti\u010dnih mas; akrilonitril in stiren se skupaj uporabljata tudi pri proizvodnji stiren-akrilonitrilnih (SAN) in akrilonitril-butadien-stirenskih (ABS) smol. <\/p>\n

Ve\u010d o snovi<\/h2>\n

Akrilonitril je pri normalni temperaturi in tlaku bistra, brezbarvna teko\u010dina ostrega vonja. Majhne koli\u010dine akrilonitrila se spro\u0161\u010dajo med zgorevanjem rastlinskih snovi, kot so biomasa, les in tobak. Akrilonitril se pogosto uporablja v letalskem, obrambnem, vesoljskem in avtomobilskem sektorju. <\/p>\n

Nevarnosti, ki se lahko pojavijo<\/h2>\n

Pri vdihavanju ali absorpciji ob stiku s ko\u017eo je glavni cilj toksi\u010dnosti osrednji \u017eiv\u010dni sistem.<\/p>\n

Akrilonitril lahko lokalno dra\u017ei ko\u017eo, o\u010di in dihalne poti ter povzro\u010da preob\u010dutljivost ko\u017ee. Del te strupenosti je posledica presnove akrilonitril v cianid. <\/p>\n

Pri vi\u0161jih ravneh izpostavljenosti je akrilonitril povezan tudi z drugimi u\u010dinki, kot so \u0161ibkost okon\u010din, ote\u017eeno dihanje, omotica, motnje presoje, cianoza in slabost do kolapsa, nerednega dihanja in kr\u010dev, odvisno od odmerka in trajanja izpostavljenosti.<\/p>\n

Akutna izpostavljenost teko\u010dim ali parnim oblikam akrilonitrila pri vdihavanju (pogosto zaradi nenamernega izpusta) je povezana z vrsto u\u010dinkov, vklju\u010dno z dra\u017eenjem sluznice nosu, o\u010di in zgornjih dihalnih poti.<\/p>\n

Kar zadeva obdobje latence med izpostavljenostjo in mo\u017eganskim rakom, povezanim z akrilonitrilom, je to obdobje 30 let.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kaj lahko storite<\/h2>\n

Na delovnem mestu je naju\u010dinkovitej\u0161i na\u010din za prepre\u010devanje izpostavljenosti zamenjava akrilonitrila, na primer pri proizvodnji ABS ga lahko nadomestimo z metakrilonitrilom (2-metil-2-propen-nitril). Kadar zamenjava akrilonitrila ni mogo\u010da in se uporabi akrilonitrila ni mogo\u010de izogniti, je treba sprejeti ukrepe za zmanj\u0161anje izpostavljenosti. <\/p>\n

Naju\u010dinkovitej\u0161i na\u010din za prepre\u010devanje izpostavljenosti akrilonitrilu je razvoj in uporaba zaprtih sistemov. Kadar to ni mogo\u010de, je treba izvajati tehni\u010dne ukrepe, kot je u\u010dinkovito lokalno izpu\u0161no prezra\u010devanje, dopolnjeno z dobrim prezra\u010devanjem delovnega mesta, ter preverjati njihovo u\u010dinkovitost, da se zagotovi \u010dim manj\u0161a izpostavljenost, kolikor je to tehni\u010dno mogo\u010de. <\/p>\n

Izvajajte redne ocene izpostavljenosti, da preverite, ali so va\u0161i za\u0161\u010ditni ukrepi u\u010dinkoviti in ali je treba sprejeti dodatne ukrepe. Zaposleni se morajo zavedati u\u010dinkov izpostavljenosti in jih je treba redno usposabljati za nadzorne ukrepe, ki so potrebni za varno delo z akrilonitrilom, da se prepre\u010di izpostavljenost. Priporo\u010dljivo je vklju\u010diti zdravnika medicine dela. <\/p>\n

Zagotovite, da imajo zaposleni ustrezno osebno varovalno opremo, kot so za\u0161\u010ditna obla\u010dila in rokavice, \u010de je to potrebno. Osebna varovalna oprema se ne sme uporabljati kot edini preventivni ukrep. Pred tem je treba izvesti \u010dim ve\u010d zgoraj navedenih tehni\u010dnih in organizacijskih ukrepov. Prepri\u010dajte se, da se uporablja prava osebna varovalna oprema, kot so za\u0161\u010dita za o\u010di in obraz, rokavice, za\u0161\u010ditna obla\u010dila in za\u0161\u010dita za dihanje. Poleg tega je treba pri izbiri opreme upo\u0161tevati anatomijo zaposlenih, ki jo bodo uporabljali, pri za\u0161\u010ditni opremi za dihala, ki temelji na prilagoditvi obraza, pa je zelo priporo\u010dljivo, da se pri vsaki osebi opravi preskus prileganja. Poleg tega je treba vse zaposlene pou\u010diti, da si morajo pred odmorom ali vstopom v drugo obmo\u010dje ustrezno umiti roke ter se umiti in preoble\u010di ob koncu vsake izmene. <\/p>\n

Osebno varovalno opremo je treba uporabljati le v skrajni sili in le za\u010dasno, ko so iz\u010drpane vse tehni\u010dne re\u0161itve. Zaposleni morajo biti dele\u017eni potrebnega usposabljanja in informacij za pravilno uporabo in vzdr\u017eevanje osebne varovalne opreme. <\/p>\n

Sklici:, razvr\u0161\u010danje, ozna\u010devanje in pakiranje, IARC, ocena u\u010dinka, RAC<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","carcinogens":[6437],"class_list":["post-77331","fact","type-fact","status-publish","hentry","carcinogens-akrilonitril-sl"],"yoast_head":"\nakrilonitril - STOP carcinogens at work<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"V EU je akrilonitrilu izpostavljenih od 10.000 do 33.000 zaposlenih. 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