{"id":77332,"date":"2023-08-29T10:09:24","date_gmt":"2023-08-29T10:09:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/fact\/14-dioksan\/"},"modified":"2026-09-09T11:44:29","modified_gmt":"2026-09-09T11:44:29","slug":"14-dioksan","status":"publish","type":"fact","link":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sl\/fact\/14-dioksan\/","title":{"rendered":"1,4-dioksan"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ocenjuje se, da je v EU 1,4-dioksanu izpostavljenih do 30.000 zaposlenih. Tipi\u010dna delovna mesta, kjer se uporablja 1,4-dioksan, so v gumarski in kemi\u010dni industriji. Pojavlja se lahko tudi kot stranski proizvod v kozmeti\u010dni industriji. Zaposleni so izpostavljeni predvsem z onesna\u017eenjem v zraku in s stikom s ko\u017eo, \u010deprav je mo\u017ena tudi oralna izpostavljenost. 1,4-dioksan je v skladu z zakonodajo razvr\u0161\u010danje, ozna\u010devanje in pakiranje CLP razvr\u0161\u010den kot rakotvorne snovi kategorije 1B (Carc. 1B) in domnevno prispeva k nastanku karcinomov v nosu ter tumorjev v jetrih in ledvicah. Poleg tega 1,4-dioksan mo\u010dno dra\u017ei o\u010di in lahko povzro\u010di dra\u017eenje dihal; ponavljajo\u010da se izpostavljenost ko\u017ee lahko povzro\u010di njeno izsu\u0161itev ali razpokanje.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Kje se pojavlja tveganje<\/h2>\n

Do poklicne izpostavljenosti pride pri proizvodnji, predelavi in uporabi 1,4-dioksana z vdihavanjem ali izpostavljenostjo ko\u017ee. 1,4-dioksan se pogosto uporablja kot topilo v laboratorijih (npr. kot mobilna faza v kromatografiji) in na industrijskih lokacijah v postopkih polimerizacije. Pri izpostavljenosti je treba upo\u0161tevati tudi dejavnosti \u010di\u0161\u010denja in vzdr\u017eevanja.<\/p>\n

Ve\u010d o snovi<\/h2>\n

1,4-dioksan je bistra, brezbarvna teko\u010dina, ki se zlahka me\u0161a z drugimi topili. Zaradi svoje inertnosti se ve\u010dinoma uporablja kot topilo. Je zelo vnetljiv in lahko tvori eksplozivne perokside. 1,4-dioksan je antropogena kemikalija, ki se v okolju ne pojavlja naravno. Je znan stranski produkt industrijskih postopkov etoksilacije in je zato lahko prisoten kot onesna\u017eevalo v kozmeti\u010dnih izdelkih in izdelkih za osebno nego, kjer je njegova koncentracija strogo regulirana. 1,4-dioksan je bil kot ostanek najden tudi v izdelkih iz plastike in gume (npr. rokavice, \u0161kornji, obla\u010dila, gumijasti ro\u010daji, prestavna ro\u010dica, volani).<\/p>\n

1,4-dioksan je v vodi stabilen in se ne razgradi. Spojine v zraku lahko 1,4-dioksan hitro razgradijo v razli\u010dne spojine. Okolje (podtalnica) je onesna\u017eeno zaradi odstranjevanja kemi\u010dnih topil, ki vsebujejo 1,4-dioksan, in zaradi odstranjevanja samega 1,4-dioksana.<\/p>\n

Nevarnosti, ki se lahko pojavijo<\/h2>\n

1,4-dioksan se po vdihavanju in oralni izpostavljenosti hitro in skoraj popolnoma absorbira. Pomembna je tudi absorpcija skozi ko\u017eo. Po vdihavanju 1,4-dioksana se lahko pojavijo bole\u010dine v zgornjem delu trebuha in bruhanje ter dra\u017eenje o\u010di in dihalnih poti. Drugi simptomi zastrupitve z 1,4-dioksanom vklju\u010dujejo po\u0161kodbe jeter in ledvic, kr\u010de in komo. V tem kontekstu je treba upo\u0161tevati tudi so\u010dasno dermalno absorpcijo snovi. Poleg tega lahko ponavljajo\u010da se dermalna izpostavljenost 1,4-dioksanu povzro\u010di po\u0161kodbe ko\u017ee. Dodatno so bile v \u0161tudijah na \u017eivalih opa\u017eene po\u0161kodbe jeter in ledvic ter u\u010dinki na osrednji \u017eiv\u010dni sistem, kot so opotekanje, narkoza, paraliza in koma. Treba je opozoriti, da so glavni ciljni organi po dolgotrajni izpostavljenosti dihalni sistem, jetra in ledvice.<\/p>\n

Kaj lahko storite<\/h2>\n

Pri uporabi je treba razmisliti o substituciji, kjer je to izvedljivo. \u010ce alternative niso na voljo ali se 1,4-dioksan lahko pojavi kot stranski proizvod, redno izvajajte ustrezne meritve izpostavljenosti, da veste, kdaj in kje je treba ukrepati. Za prepre\u010devanje \u0161kodljivih u\u010dinkov na zdravje je zato izjemnega pomena zmanj\u0161ati izpostavljenost pod mejno vrednost, ki temelji na zdravju. V industrijskih procesih so primeri tehni\u010dnih nadzornih ukrepov zaprti sistemi, splo\u0161no odvajanje in lokalno odvajanje zraka. Tudi pri delu z zaprtimi sistemi lahko pride do izpostavljenosti, npr. med vzor\u010denjem. Meritve in nadzorni ukrepi so tam pomembni. Druge priporo\u010dene delovne prakse vklju\u010dujejo zagotavljanje informacij o nevarnostih in usposabljanje zaposlenih ter splo\u0161ne standarde delovne higiene za obmo\u010dja ravnanja s kemikalijami. Usposobiti je treba tudi delavce pri vzdr\u017eevanju in \u010di\u0161\u010denju. Preverite, ali zaposleni poro\u010dajo o zgodnjih simptomih. Priporo\u010dljivo je vklju\u010diti poklicnega zdravnika. Zavedajte se, da je pri 1,4-dioksanu mogo\u010de oceno izpostavljenosti podpreti z biomonitoringom, \u010de je to primerno v skladu z nacionalno zakonodajo. Zaposleni se morajo zavedati u\u010dinkov izpostavljenosti. Osebna varovalna oprema naj se uporablja le kot zadnja mo\u017enost, po uvedbi mo\u017enih tehni\u010dnih re\u0161itev.<\/p>\n

Viri: BAuA, CLP, nem\u0161ka komisija MAK, RAC<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","carcinogens":[6450],"class_list":["post-77332","fact","type-fact","status-publish","hentry","carcinogens-14-dioksan-sl"],"yoast_head":"\n1,4-dioksan - STOP carcinogens at work<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"V EU je 1,4-dioksanu izpostavljenih 30.000 zaposlenih. Sumijo ga za nastanek karcinomov v nosu ter tumorjev v jetrih in ledvicah.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sl\/fact\/14-dioksan\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sl_SI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"1,4-dioksan\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"V EU je 1,4-dioksanu izpostavljenih 30.000 zaposlenih. 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