{"id":77332,"date":"2023-08-29T10:09:24","date_gmt":"2023-08-29T10:09:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/fact\/14-dioksan\/"},"modified":"2025-09-04T10:16:07","modified_gmt":"2025-09-04T10:16:07","slug":"14-dioksan","status":"publish","type":"fact","link":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sl\/fact\/14-dioksan\/","title":{"rendered":"1,4-dioksan"},"content":{"rendered":"<blockquote><p>Ocenjuje se, da je v EU 1,4-dioksanu izpostavljenih do 30.000 zaposlenih. Tipi\u010dna delovna mesta, kjer se uporablja 1,4-dioksan, so v gumarski in kemi\u010dni industriji. Pojavlja se lahko tudi kot stranski proizvod v kozmeti\u010dni industriji. Zaposleni so izpostavljeni predvsem z onesna\u017eenjem v zraku in s stikom s ko\u017eo, \u010deprav je mo\u017ena tudi oralna izpostavljenost. 1,4-dioksan je v skladu z zakonodajo razvr\u0161\u010danje, ozna\u010devanje in pakiranje CLP razvr\u0161\u010den kot rakotvorne snovi kategorije 1B (Carc. 1B) in domnevno prispeva k nastanku karcinomov v nosu ter tumorjev v jetrih in ledvicah. Poleg tega 1,4-dioksan mo\u010dno dra\u017ei o\u010di in lahko povzro\u010di dra\u017eenje dihal; ponavljajo\u010da se izpostavljenost ko\u017ee lahko povzro\u010di njeno izsu\u0161itev ali razpokanje.     <\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h2>Kje se pojavlja tveganje<\/h2>\n<p>Do poklicne izpostavljenosti pride pri proizvodnji, predelavi in uporabi 1,4-dioksana z vdihavanjem ali izpostavljenostjo ko\u017ee. 1,4-dioksan se pogosto uporablja kot topilo v laboratorijih (npr. kot mobilna faza v kromatografiji) in na industrijskih lokacijah v postopkih polimerizacije. Pri izpostavljenosti je treba upo\u0161tevati tudi dejavnosti \u010di\u0161\u010denja in vzdr\u017eevanja.  <\/p>\n<h2>Ve\u010d o snovi<\/h2>\n<p>1,4-dioksan je bistra, brezbarvna teko\u010dina, ki se zlahka me\u0161a z drugimi topili. Zaradi svoje inertnosti se ve\u010dinoma uporablja kot topilo. Je zelo vnetljiv in lahko tvori eksplozivne perokside. 1,4-dioksan je antropogena kemikalija, ki se v okolju ne pojavlja naravno. Je znan stranski produkt industrijskih postopkov etoksilacije in je zato lahko prisoten kot onesna\u017eevalo v kozmeti\u010dnih izdelkih in izdelkih za osebno nego, kjer je njegova koncentracija strogo regulirana. 1,4-dioksan je bil kot ostanek najden tudi v izdelkih iz plastike in gume (npr. rokavice, \u0161kornji, obla\u010dila, gumijasti ro\u010daji, prestavna ro\u010dica, volani).     <\/p>\n<p>1,4-dioksan je v vodi stabilen in se ne razgradi. Spojine v zraku lahko 1,4-dioksan hitro razgradijo v razli\u010dne spojine. Okolje (podtalnica) je onesna\u017eeno zaradi odstranjevanja kemi\u010dnih topil, ki vsebujejo 1,4-dioksan, in zaradi odstranjevanja samega 1,4-dioksana.  <\/p>\n<h2>Nevarnosti, ki se lahko pojavijo<\/h2>\n<p>1,4-dioksan se po vdihavanju in peroralni izpostavljenosti hitro in skoraj v celoti absorbira. Pomembna je tudi absorpcija prek ko\u017ee. Po vdihavanju 1,4-dioksana se lahko pojavijo bole\u010dine v zgornjem delu trebuha in bruhanje ter dra\u017eenje o\u010di in dihalnih poti. Drugi simptomi zastrupitve z 1,4-dioksanom so po\u0161kodbe jeter in ledvic, kr\u010di in koma. Pri tem je treba upo\u0161tevati so\u010dasno absorpcijo snovi skozi ko\u017eo. Poleg tega lahko ponavljajo\u010da se dermalna izpostavljenost 1,4-dioksanu povzro\u010di po\u0161kodbe ko\u017ee. Poleg tega so v \u0161tudijah na \u017eivalih opazili u\u010dinke na jetra in ledvice ter centralni \u017eiv\u010dni sistem, kot so vratolomna hoja, narkoza, paraliza in koma. Opozoriti je treba, da so po dolgotrajni izpostavljenosti glavni ciljni organi dihalni sistem, jetra in ledvice.       <\/p>\n<h2>Kaj lahko storite<\/h2>\n<p>Kadar je to izvedljivo, je treba pri uporabi upo\u0161tevati zamenjavo. \u010ce alternative niso na voljo ali \u010de se 1,4-dioksan lahko pojavi kot stranski proizvod, redno izvajajte ustrezne meritve izpostavljenosti, da se ve, kdaj in kje je treba ukrepati. Da bi se izognili \u0161kodljivim u\u010dinkom na zdravje, je zato izredno pomembno, da se izpostavljenost zmanj\u0161a pod mejno vrednost, ki temelji na zdravju. V industrijskih procesih so primeri tehni\u010dnih nadzornih ukrepov zaprti sistemi, splo\u0161no izpu\u0161no in lokalno izpu\u0161no prezra\u010devanje. Tudi pri delu z zaprtimi sistemi lahko pride do izpostavljenosti, npr. med vzor\u010denjem. Pri tem so pomembne meritve in nadzorni ukrepi. Druge priporo\u010dene delovne prakse vklju\u010dujejo zagotavljanje informacij o nevarnostih in usposabljanje zaposlenih ter splo\u0161ne delovne higienske standarde za obmo\u010dja ravnanja s kemikalijami. Usposobiti je treba tudi zaposlene, ki opravljajo vzdr\u017eevanje in \u010di\u0161\u010denje. Razi\u0161\u010dite, \u010de zaposleni poro\u010dajo o zgodnjih simptomih. Priporo\u010dljivo je vklju\u010diti zdravnika medicine dela. Zavedajte se, da je za 1,4-dioksan oceno izpostavljenosti mogo\u010de podpreti z biomonitoringom, \u010de je to primerno v skladu z nacionalno zakonodajo. Zaposleni se morajo zavedati u\u010dinkov izpostavljenosti. Osebno varovalno opremo je treba uporabljati le kot zadnjo mo\u017enost, po uvedbi mo\u017enih tehni\u010dnih re\u0161itev.              <\/p>\n<p><em>Viri: BAuA, razvr\u0161\u010danje, ozna\u010devanje in pakiranje, nem\u0161ka komisija MAK, RAC<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","carcinogens":[6450],"class_list":["post-77332","fact","type-fact","status-publish","hentry","carcinogens-14-dioksan-sl"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.0 (Yoast SEO v27.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>1,4-dioksan - STOP carcinogens at work<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"V EU je 1,4-dioksanu izpostavljenih 30.000 zaposlenih. 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