{"id":77335,"date":"2024-01-04T09:21:22","date_gmt":"2024-01-04T09:21:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/fact\/44-metilen-bis-2-kloroanilin\/"},"modified":"2025-09-04T10:16:17","modified_gmt":"2025-09-04T10:16:17","slug":"44-metilen-bis-2-kloroanilin","status":"publish","type":"fact","link":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sl\/fact\/44-metilen-bis-2-kloroanilin\/","title":{"rendered":"4,4-metilen-bis (2-kloroanilin)"},"content":{"rendered":"<blockquote><p>Po ocenah iz leta 2017 naj bi bilo v EU 2 500 zaposlenih potencialno izpostavljenih MOCA (metilen-bis-[2-kloroanilin]). Ker so se obveznosti avtorizacije za to snov v skladu z uredbo REACH spremenile, je mogo\u010de domnevati, da so se uporabe \u0161e dodatno zmanj\u0161ale (vloge ka\u017eejo &lt; 100 zaposlenih). Izpostavljenost snovi MOCA se zgodi predvsem z absorpcijo snovi prek ko\u017ee. Snov ima usklajeno razvrstitev kot Carc. 1B (snovi, za katere se domneva, da so rakotvorne snovi za ljudi, predvsem na podlagi dokazov na \u017eivalih) v skladu z uredbo razvr\u0161\u010danja, ozna\u010devanja in pakiranja.    <\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Verjetni cilj rakotvornosti pri ljudeh je urotel mehurja, ki povzro\u010da raka mehurja.<\/p>\n<h2>Kje se pojavljajo tveganja<\/h2>\n<p>Glavni sektor, v katerem prihaja do izpostavljenosti, je priprava in proizvodnja visokozmogljivih poliuretanskih izdelkov, npr. izdelkov iz vro\u010de litega poliuretana, visokozmogljivih poliuretanov posebej za te\u017eke valje, blazinice napenjalnikov in vzmetne bloke ter za po meri izdelane valje. Naloge z visokim tveganjem izpostavljenosti MOCA vklju\u010dujejo tehtanje peletov MOCA, taljenje MOCA, doziranje staljenega MOCA in me\u0161anje staljenega MOCA s predpolimerom. V azijsko-pacifi\u0161ki regiji se uporablja tudi kot sredstvo za strjevanje pri stre\u0161nih kritinah in tesnjenju lesa.  <\/p>\n<h2>Ve\u010d o snovi<\/h2>\n<p>\u010ceprav je \u010dista MOCA brezbarvna kristalini\u010dna trdna snov, se najpogosteje uporabljajo peleti ali kosmi\u010di rjavkaste barve (industrijski razred). Ima \u0161ibek aminski vonj, zelo majhno topnost v vodi in pri segrevanju lahko eksplodira. <\/p>\n<h2>Nevarnosti, ki se lahko pojavijo<\/h2>\n<p>MOCA se zaradi ravnanja z njim absorbira skozi ko\u017eo in dihalne poti. Absorpcija skozi ko\u017eo je mogo\u010da zaradi lipofilnosti MOCA, relativno majhne velikosti molekul in prisotnosti reaktivnih aminskih skupin. Najvi\u0161je koncentracije so izmerjene v jetrih. Ve\u010dina absorbirane snovi se v nekaj dneh izlo\u010di z urinom in blatom.   <\/p>\n<p>Akutna velika in naklju\u010dna izpostavljenost lahko povzro\u010di dra\u017eenje in peko\u010d ob\u010dutek na ko\u017ei in v o\u010deh, slabost ter u\u010dinke na prebavila in ledvice. EU je za MOCA dolo\u010dila tudi &#8220;opombo za ko\u017eo&#8221;, ki ozna\u010duje, da lahko dermalna izpostavljenost znatno prispeva k skupni izpostavljenosti. <\/p>\n<p>Kroni\u010dna izpostavljenost zdravilu MOCA lahko povzro\u010di raka mehurja.  <strong>Latentno obdobje med izpostavljenostjo in pojavom raka mehurja, povezanega z MOCA, je v povpre\u010dju 11,5 leta in lahko traja tudi 45 let.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2>Kaj lahko storite<\/h2>\n<p>Kadar je to izvedljivo, je treba pri uporabi upo\u0161tevati zamenjavo. \u010ce alternative niso na voljo ali \u010de se MOCA lahko pojavi kot stranski proizvod, redno izvajajte oceno izpostavljenosti, da boste vedeli, kdaj je treba ukrepati. <\/p>\n<p>Za uporabo MOCA v proizvodnji poliuretana morajo obstajati strogi pogoji. Zlasti je potrebno tudi dobro splo\u0161no \u010di\u0161\u010denje na vseh lokacijah, zaposleni pa morajo prevzeti odgovornost za svoj delovni prostor in \u010disto\u010da tal itd. Dostop do obmo\u010dij, kjer se uporablja MOCA, mora biti omejen na poobla\u0161\u010deno osebje, na voljo pa morajo biti tudi varnostni znaki, ki zaposlene opozarjajo, kak\u0161no osebno za\u0161\u010ditno opremo morajo nositi. MOCA je treba hraniti v lo\u010denih skladi\u0161\u010dih, ki so dostopna le poobla\u0161\u010denemu osebju. V polindustrijskem in strojnem litju je treba obvezno uporabljati osebno varovalno opremo (OZO).    <\/p>\n<p>Zaposleni se morajo zavedati u\u010dinkov izpostavljenosti in se morajo redno usposabljati za nadzorne ukrepe, ki so potrebni za varno delo z MOCA, da se prepre\u010di izpostavljenost. Spodbujati jih je treba, da poro\u010dajo o zgodnjih simptomih, kot sta peko\u010d ob\u010dutek na ko\u017ei in v o\u010deh. Zato je priporo\u010dljivo vklju\u010diti zdravnika medicine dela.  <\/p>\n<p>Biomonitoring je trenutno najbolj\u0161a metoda za oceno skupne izpostavljenosti MOCA v delovnem okolju. \u010ce se izvaja biomonitoring, je treba vzor\u010denje opraviti po kon\u010dani izmeni ob koncu delovnega tedna. <\/p>\n<p>Biomonitoring je treba dopolniti tudi s spremljanjem zraka in po potrebi z meritvami onesna\u017eenosti ko\u017ee in povr\u0161in, da bi nadzorovali vire izpostavljenosti.<\/p>\n<p>Zagotovite, da imajo zaposleni ustrezno osebno varovalno opremo, kot so za\u0161\u010ditne obleke, rokavice, obutev, pokrivala, o\u010dala za neposredno zra\u010denje in respiratorji, \u010de je to potrebno.<\/p>\n<p><em>Reference: RAC, IARC, ATSDR, AGS, NIOSH, COM<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","carcinogens":[6434],"class_list":["post-77335","fact","type-fact","status-publish","hentry","carcinogens-44-metilen-bis-2-kloroanilin-moca"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.0 (Yoast SEO v27.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>4,4-metilen-bis (2-kloroanilin) - STOP carcinogens at work<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Izpostavljenost MOCA je ve\u010dinoma posledica absorpcije skozi ko\u017eo. 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