{"id":77335,"date":"2024-01-04T09:21:22","date_gmt":"2024-01-04T09:21:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/fact\/44-metilen-bis-2-kloroanilin\/"},"modified":"2026-09-09T11:31:13","modified_gmt":"2026-09-09T11:31:13","slug":"44-metilen-bis-2-kloroanilin","status":"publish","type":"fact","link":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sl\/fact\/44-metilen-bis-2-kloroanilin\/","title":{"rendered":"4,4-metilen-bis (2-kloroanilin) (MOCA)"},"content":{"rendered":"<blockquote><p>Ocene iz leta 2017 so predvidevale, da je bilo v EU 2.500 zaposlenih potencialno izpostavljenih MOCA (metilen-bis-[2-kloroanilin]). Ker so se obveznosti avtorizacije za snov v skladu z uredbo REACH spremenile, je mogo\u010de domnevati, da so se uporabe \u0161e dodatno zmanj\u0161ale (vloge ka\u017eejo &lt; 100 zaposlenih). exposure MOCA se ve\u010dinoma zgodi z absorpcijo snovi skozi ko\u017eo. Snov ima usklajeno razvrstitev kot Carc. 1B (snovi, za katere se domneva, da imajo rakotvorni potencial za ljudi, predvsem na podlagi dokazov na \u017eivalih) v skladu z uredbo razvr\u0161\u010danja, ozna\u010devanja in pakiranja.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Verjetni \u010dlove\u0161ki cilj rakotvornosti je urotelij mehurja, ki povzro\u010da raka na mehurju.<\/p>\n<h2>Kje se pojavljajo tveganja<\/h2>\n<p>Glavni sektor, kjer prihaja do exposure, je formulacija in proizvodnja visoko zmogljivih poliuretanskih izdelkov, npr. izdelkov iz vro\u010de litega poliuretana, visoko zmogljivih poliuretanov posebej za te\u017eke valje, blazinice napenjalnikov in vzmetne bloke ter za valje po meri. Naloge z visokim tveganjem exposure MOCA vklju\u010dujejo tehtanje peletov MOCA, taljenje MOCA, doziranje staljenega MOCA in me\u0161anje staljenega MOCA s predpolimerom. V azijsko-pacifi\u0161ki regiji se uporablja tudi kot sredstvo za strjevanje pri stre\u0161nih kritinah in tesnjenju lesa.<\/p>\n<h2>Ve\u010d o snovi<\/h2>\n<p>\u010ceprav je \u010dista MOCA brezbarvna kristalini\u010dna trdna snov, so najpogosteje uporabljene oblike (industrijski razred) rjavkasti peleti ali kosmi\u010di. Ima \u0161ibek aminski vonj, zelo majhno topnost v vodi in lahko eksplodira ob segrevanju.<\/p>\n<p>V veljavi je zavezujo\u010da mejna vrednost poklicne exposure v EU 0,01 mg\/m\u00b3.<\/p>\n<h2>Nevarnosti, ki se lahko pojavijo<\/h2>\n<p>Zaradi ravnanja se MOCA absorbira skozi ko\u017eo in dihala. Absorpcija skozi ko\u017eo je mo\u017ena zaradi lipofilnosti MOCA, relativno majhne molekulske velikosti in prisotnosti reaktivnih aminskih skupin. Najvi\u0161je koncentracije so izmerjene v jetrih. Ve\u010dina absorbirane snovi se izlo\u010di v nekaj dneh z urinom in blatom.<\/p>\n<p>Akutne visoke in nenamerne exposure lahko povzro\u010dijo dra\u017eenje in peko\u010d ob\u010dutek na ko\u017ei in o\u010deh, slabost ter gastrointestinalne in ledvi\u010dne u\u010dinke. EU je za MOCA dolo\u010dila tudi &#8216;ko\u017eno oznako&#8217;, ki ka\u017ee, da lahko dermalna exposure pomembno prispeva k skupni exposure.<\/p>\n<p>Kroni\u010dna exposure MOCA lahko povzro\u010di raka na mehurju. <strong>Latentna doba med exposure in pojavom raka na mehurju, povezanega z MOCA, je v povpre\u010dju 11,5 let in lahko traja do 45 let.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2>Kaj lahko storite<\/h2>\n<p>Nadomestitev je treba upo\u0161tevati v aplikacijah, kjer je to izvedljivo. \u010ce alternative niso na voljo ali se MOCA lahko pojavi kot stranski produkt, redno izvajajte oceno exposure, da boste vedeli, kdaj je treba ukrepati.<\/p>\n<p>Za uporabo MOCA v proizvodnji poliuretana morajo obstajati strogi pogoji. Zlasti je potrebno dobro splo\u0161no vzdr\u017eevanje v vseh obratih, zaposleni pa morajo prevzeti odgovornost za svoje delovno obmo\u010dje in \u010distiti tla itd. Dostop do obmo\u010dij, kjer se uporablja MOCA, je omejen na poobla\u0161\u010deno osebje, name\u0161\u010deni pa morajo biti varnostni znaki, ki opominjajo zaposlene, kak\u0161no osebno varovalno opremo morajo nositi. MOCA je treba shranjevati v lo\u010denih skladi\u0161\u010dih, ki so dostopna samo poobla\u0161\u010denemu osebju. Uporaba osebne varovalne opreme (OVO) je obvezna v polindustrijski in strojni litini.<\/p>\n<p>Zaposleni morajo biti seznanjeni z u\u010dinki exposure in se redno usposabljati o kontrolnih ukrepih, potrebnih za varno delo z MOCA, da prepre\u010dijo exposure. Spodbujati jih je treba k prijavi zgodnjih simptomov, kot so peko\u010d ob\u010dutek na ko\u017ei in o\u010deh. Zato je priporo\u010dljivo vklju\u010diti specialisti\u010dnega zdravnika medicine dela.<\/p>\n<p>Biomonitoring je trenutno najbolj\u0161a metoda za oceno skupne exposure MOCA v poklicnih okoljih. \u010ce se izvaja biomonitoring, je treba vzor\u010denje opraviti po izmeni ob koncu delovnega tedna.<\/p>\n<p>Biomonitoring je treba dopolniti tudi z monitoringom zraka in, kadar je to primerno, z meritvami kontaminacije ko\u017ee in povr\u0161in, da se nadzorujejo viri exposure.<\/p>\n<p>Zagotovite, da imajo zaposleni ustrezno osebno varovalno opremo, kot so za\u0161\u010ditne obleke, rokavice, obutev, pokrivala, o\u010dala z direktnim prezra\u010devanjem in respiratorji, \u010de je potrebno.<\/p>\n<p><em>Reference: RAC, IARC, ATSDR, AGS, NIOSH, COM<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","carcinogens":[6434],"class_list":["post-77335","fact","type-fact","status-publish","hentry","carcinogens-44-metilen-bis-2-kloroanilin-moca"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.5 (Yoast SEO v28.5) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>4,4-metilen-bis (2-kloroanilin) (MOCA) - STOP carcinogens at work<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"exposure MOCA se ve\u010dinoma zgodi z absorpcijo skozi ko\u017eo. 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