{"id":77336,"date":"2024-01-04T09:22:40","date_gmt":"2024-01-04T09:22:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/fact\/azo-barvila\/"},"modified":"2025-09-04T10:16:18","modified_gmt":"2025-09-04T10:16:18","slug":"azo-barvila","status":"publish","type":"fact","link":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sl\/fact\/azo-barvila\/","title":{"rendered":"azo barvila"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ocene trenutnega \u0161tevila izpostavljenih zaposlenih azobarvilom, ki se lahko razgradijo v aromatske amine, v EU niso na voljo. Do poklicne izpostavljenosti azobarvilom lahko pride, kadar se azobarvila proizvajajo in uporabljajo za barvanje ali ozna\u010devanje. Dermalna izpostavljenost je najpomembnej\u0161i na\u010din izpostavljenosti, saj so teko\u010de formulacije zdaj obi\u010dajne. V posameznih primerih je lahko \u0161e vedno pomembna izpostavljenost pri vdihavanju. <\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Azobarvila domnevno povzro\u010dajo raka, saj se lahko razgradijo v aromatske amine. Nekateri aromatski amini so znane rakotvorne snovi (kategorija 1A po razvr\u0161\u010danju, ozna\u010devanju in pakiranju), npr. 4-aminobifenil, benzidin, 4-kloro-o-toluidin, 2-naftilamin, ali domnevno rakotvorne za ljudi (kategorija 1B po razvr\u0161\u010danju, ozna\u010devanju in pakiranju), npr. o-toluidin, o-anizidin, 4-aminoazobenzen. Drugi aromatski amini, ki se spro\u0161\u010dajo iz azobarvil, so domnevno rakotvorne snovi za ljudi. <\/p>\n

Nekateri aromatski amini so povezani s poklicnimi boleznimi, ki povzro\u010dajo spremembe sluznice, raka ali druge novotvorbe se\u010dil.<\/p>\n

Kje se pojavljajo tveganja<\/h2>\n

Na splo\u0161no se azobarvila pogosto uporabljajo v industriji za barvanje plasti\u010dnih in gumijastih izdelkov, lesa, papirja, barv in lo\u0161\u010dil, pa tudi za barvanje potro\u0161ni\u0161kih izdelkov, kot so tekstilna vlakna, kozmetika, farmacevtski izdelki in celo \u017eivila. Manj\u0161a uporaba lahko vklju\u010duje medicinske ali biolo\u0161ke raziskave, npr. barvila za mikroskopijo. <\/p>\n

Nekdanja uporaba za barvanje usnja ali tekstila je bila v Evropi prepovedana in od takrat se je uporaba zmanj\u0161ala.<\/p>\n

Azobarvila, ki spro\u0161\u010dajo o-toluidin, kot so C.I. Solvent Red 24, 164 in 215, se \u0161e vedno uporabljajo za ozna\u010devanje rudarskih olj ali pri nedestruktivnih metodah kot penetracijska barvila za odkrivanje razpok, npr. v kovinski industriji. Poklici z visokim tveganjem izpostavljenosti ko\u017ee vklju\u010dujejo industrijske upravljavce strojev za barvanje tekstilij, kozmeti\u010darje in in\u0161pektorje materiala. <\/p>\n

Ve\u010d o snovi<\/h2>\n

Poznamo ve\u010d kot 3000 razli\u010dnih azo spojin. Gospodarsko pomembne azo spojine vklju\u010dujejo azo barvila, ki se delijo na azo barvila, ki so prakti\u010dno netopna v mediju za uporabo, in topna azo barvila. <\/p>\n

V slednjem primeru razlikujemo med azobarvili, topnimi v vodi, in azobarvili, topnimi v organskih topilih, ki imajo pomembno vlogo pri dermalni izpostavljenosti. Topna azobarvila na ko\u017ei se lahko zaradi bakterijske ali encimske aktivnosti pretvorijo v topne aromatske amine, ki se absorbirajo skozi ko\u017eo. <\/p>\n

Azobarvila se lahko razvrstijo v razli\u010dne vrste barv, kot so kisla barvila, neposredna barvila ali reaktivna barvila, disperzna barvila itd. V sistemu barvnega indeksa so azobarvila tako kot druga barvila razvr\u0161\u010dena glede na njihovo kemijsko obna\u0161anje in na\u010din uporabe za barvanje, kar vodi do imena barvnega indeksa (C.I. generi\u010dno ime). <\/p>\n

Omeniti je treba, da je aromatske amine mogo\u010de najti tudi v toba\u010dnem dimu, izpu\u0161nih plinih dizelskih motorjev in kot ne\u010disto\u010de v premogovem katranu ali v dodatkih pri proizvodnji gumijastih izdelkov, kar vpliva na druge poklice.<\/p>\n

Nevarnosti, ki se lahko pojavijo<\/h2>\n

Topna azobarvila se ve\u010dinoma absorbirajo skozi ko\u017eo. Pomembno vlogo ima lahko tudi vdihavanje. Vendar se azobarvila absorbirajo na razli\u010dne na\u010dine in z razli\u010dno hitrostjo, odvisno od tega, ali gre za vodotopna ali v ma\u0161\u010dobi topna azobarvila. <\/p>\n

Akutni toksi\u010dni u\u010dinki pri ljudeh so bili doslej opisani le po izpostavljenosti topnim azobarvilom, ne pa tudi netopnim azobarvilom. Vendar se po absorpciji skozi plju\u010da in glede na velikost netopnih pigmentov pri njih lahko pojavijo u\u010dinki, zna\u010dilni za delce, vklju\u010dno s podobnostmi z zrnatimi biopersistentnimi pra\u0161ki, npr. za\u010dnejo se s simptomi, kot je ka\u0161elj. <\/p>\n

Poro\u010dali so, da je izpostavljenost na delovnem mestu najbolj pomembna za znane poklicne bolezni, kot so spremembe na sluznicah, rak ali druge tvorbe v se\u010dilih. Poleg tega naj bi bila kroni\u010dna izpostavljenost povezana tudi z alergijskimi u\u010dinki na ko\u017eo. <\/p>\n

Latentna doba med izpostavljenostjo in rakom se\u010dil, povezanim z aromati\u010dnimi amini (rak mehurja), je zelo razli\u010dna, od 12 do ve\u010d kot 40 let.<\/strong> Pomembne rakotvorne snovi so o-toluidin, ksenilamin, 2-naftilamin, benzidin in 4-kloro-o-toluidin.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kaj lahko storite<\/h2>\n

Naju\u010dinkovitej\u0161i na\u010din za prepre\u010devanje izpostavljenosti je zamenjava. Na trgu so varnej\u0161a alternativna barvila, npr. alternativna naravna barvila ali mineralna\/pigmentna barvila, zlasti za tekstilno in \u017eivilsko industrijo. Kadar zamenjava azobarvil ni mogo\u010da in se uporabi azobarvil ni mogo\u010de izogniti, je treba sprejeti ukrepe za zmanj\u0161anje izpostavljenosti. <\/p>\n

Naju\u010dinkovitej\u0161i na\u010din za prepre\u010devanje izpostavljenosti azobarvilom je razvoj in uporaba zaprtih sistemov. Kadar to ni mogo\u010de, je treba izvajati tehni\u010dne ukrepe, kot so u\u010dinkovito lokalno izpu\u0161no prezra\u010devanje ali dobro prezra\u010devanje delovnega mesta, ter preverjati njihovo u\u010dinkovitost, da se zagotovi \u010dim manj\u0161a izpostavljenost, kolikor je to tehni\u010dno mogo\u010de. Ena od standardnih zahtev za tekstilno industrijo je najbolj\u0161a razpolo\u017eljiva tehnologija (BAT), ki jo je treba upo\u0161tevati, da se \u010dim bolj zmanj\u0161ajo u\u010dinki na okolje in zdravje. <\/p>\n

Izvajajte redne ocene izpostavljenosti, da preverite, ali so va\u0161i za\u0161\u010ditni ukrepi u\u010dinkoviti in ali je treba sprejeti dodatne ukrepe. Zaposleni se morajo zavedati u\u010dinkov izpostavljenosti in jih je treba redno usposabljati za nadzorne ukrepe, ki so potrebni za varno delo z azobarvili, da se prepre\u010di izpostavljenost. Spodbujati jih je treba, da poro\u010dajo o zgodnjih simptomih, kot so te\u017eave z dihali ali ko\u017ene alergije. Priporo\u010dljivo je vklju\u010diti zdravnika medicine dela. Poleg tega zaposlene usposobite za u\u010dinkovite higienske ukrepe. <\/p>\n

Zagotovite, da imajo zaposleni ustrezno osebno varovalno opremo, kot so za\u0161\u010ditna obla\u010dila in rokavice, \u010de je to potrebno, saj je primarna pot izpostavljenosti ko\u017ea. Osebno varovalno opremo je treba uporabljati le kot zadnjo mo\u017enost in jo upo\u0161tevati le za\u010dasno, potem ko so iz\u010drpane mo\u017ene tehni\u010dne re\u0161itve. Pomembno je, da se osebna varovalna oprema, \u010de jo je mogo\u010de ponovno uporabiti, po uporabi o\u010disti in shrani na \u010distem mestu. <\/p>\n

Reference: BAuA, ECHA, DGUV, Komisija EU<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","carcinogens":[6404],"class_list":["post-77336","fact","type-fact","status-publish","hentry","carcinogens-azodiji"],"yoast_head":"\nazo barvila - STOP carcinogens at work<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Be aware of what you work with! We collected all the important information these causing substances in easy-to-understand factsheets.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sl\/fact\/azo-barvila\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sl_SI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"azo barvila\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Be aware of what you work with! 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