{"id":77337,"date":"2024-01-04T09:27:50","date_gmt":"2024-01-04T09:27:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/fact\/o-toluidin\/"},"modified":"2026-09-09T11:30:04","modified_gmt":"2026-09-09T11:30:04","slug":"o-toluidin","status":"publish","type":"fact","link":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sl\/fact\/o-toluidin\/","title":{"rendered":"o-toluidin"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ocene trenutnega \u0161tevila zaposlenih, ki so v EU izpostavljeni o-toluidinu (o-toluidin), niso na voljo. Leta 2011 je bilo na podlagi podatkov iz let 2006\/2007 ocenjeno, da je bilo izpostavljenih 5.500 zaposlenih, od tega 3.100 v proizvodnji kemikalij, kemi\u010dnih izdelkov in umetnih vlaken ali v proizvodnji gumijastih izdelkov.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Exposure se pojavi predvsem z vdihavanjem in dermalno absorpcijo; neposreden stik s ko\u017eo ni potreben. Do vnosa lahko pride tudi z zau\u017eitjem in stikom z o\u010dmi.<\/p>\n

o-toluidin je v skladu z uredbo CLP razvr\u0161\u010den kot harmoniziran vnos v kategorijo rakotvornosti 1B (domnevni rakotvorni potencial za ljudi, ki temelji predvsem na dokazih pri poskusnih \u017eivalih). Pri ljudeh lahko o-toluidin povzro\u010di raka se\u010dnega mehurja. Prehajanje skozi ko\u017eo lahko prispeva k celotni obremenitvi telesa.<\/p>\n

Kje se pojavljajo tveganja<\/h2>\n

V preteklosti je bila exposure o-toluidinu precej ve\u010dja, vendar se \u0161e danes lahko pojavi v ve\u010d poklicnih okoljih, zlasti v kemi\u010dni industriji med proizvodnjo, predelavo, vzor\u010denjem ali prenosom o-toluidina ali pri njegovi uporabi kot intermediata, zlasti pri proizvodnji barvil in v proizvodnji fitofarmacevtskih sredstev. Druge situacije exposure se lahko pojavijo zaradi spro\u0161\u010danja iz azo-barvil ali barvil, ki se uporabljajo v tekstilu, tiskarskih barvah, plastiki, mazivih in izdelkih iz mineralnih olj; spro\u0161\u010danja iz aditivov med toplotnimi procesi, kot je vulkanizacija; toplotnega razkroja organskih veziv, zlasti pri postopkih litja; ravnanja z materiali, ki vsebujejo premogov katran, ali njihovega segrevanja; laboratorijskih in raziskovalnih dejavnosti.<\/p>\n

Ve\u010d o snovi<\/h2>\n

o-toluidin se industrijsko proizvaja z nitriranjem toluena, pri \u010demer nastane zmes nitrotoluenov; je najpomembnej\u0161i od treh izomernih toluidinov. Je brezbarvna teko\u010dina, \u010deprav so komercialni vzorci pogosto rumenkasti. o-toluidin je intermediat pri biolo\u0161ki razgradnji o-nitrotoluena in ga zato zaznamo na nekdanjih obmo\u010djih z municijo. o-toluidin nastane med pirolizo.
\nNeposredna uporaba o-toluidina pri potro\u0161nikih ni znana, saj je z uredbo EU o kozmeti\u010dnih izdelkih prepovedan v kozmetiki. Uporaba azo-barvil, ki med razgradnjo spro\u0161\u010dajo o-toluidin, v EU ni dovoljena za tekstil in druge izdelke za \u0161iroko porabo. Tako se zdi, da je exposure potro\u0161nikov in okolja zaradi spro\u0161\u010danja iz izdelkov za \u0161iroko porabo zanemarljiva.<\/p>\n

Za o-toluidin velja zavezujo\u010da mejna vrednost za exposure pri delu v zraku na ravni EU, ki zna\u0161a 0,5 mg\/m\u00b3.<\/p>\n

Tveganja za zdravje, ki se lahko pojavijo<\/h2>\n

o-toluidin se dobro absorbira po vdihavanju in skozi ko\u017eo. Oralna exposure na delovnem mestu ni relevantna.
\nPoro\u010dil o u\u010dinkih po akutni exposure ni, vendar se na podlagi podatkov o poskusnih \u017eivalih predvideva akuten dra\u017eilen u\u010dinek na o\u010di in ko\u017eo.<\/p>\n

Rak se\u010dnega mehurja velja za ustrezen u\u010dinek na zdravje pri ljudeh. V nekaterih dr\u017eavah \u010dlanicah je to priznana poklicna bolezen, povezana s preteklo exposure o-toluidinu.<\/p>\n

Latentna doba med exposure in pojavom raka mehurja, povezanega z o-toluidinom, se mo\u010dno razlikuje, vendar obi\u010dajno velja, da traja od 15 do 40 let.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kaj lahko storite<\/h2>\n

Kjer je to izvedljivo, je treba razmisliti o substituciji. Da bi se izognili \u0161kodljivim u\u010dinkom na zdravje, je izjemno pomembno zmanj\u0161ati exposure pod zavezujo\u010do mejno vrednost za poklicno izpostavljenost ali mejno vrednost, ki temelji na zdravju. V industrijskih procesih so primeri tehni\u010dnih nadzornih ukrepov zaprti sistemi, splo\u0161no prezra\u010devanje in lokalno odsesavanje. Tudi pri delu z zaprtimi sistemi lahko pride do exposure, npr. med vzor\u010denjem ali vzdr\u017eevanjem. Tam so pomembne meritve in nadzorni ukrepi. Druge priporo\u010dene delovne prakse vklju\u010dujejo obve\u0161\u010danje zaposlenih o nevarnostih in usposabljanje ter splo\u0161ne higienske standarde pri delu na obmo\u010djih za ravnanje s kemikalijami. Usposobiti je treba tudi zaposlene pri vzdr\u017eevanju in \u010di\u0161\u010denju. Priporo\u010dljivo je vklju\u010diti zdravnika medicine dela. Zavedajte se, da je treba oceno exposure podpreti z biolo\u0161kim monitoringom, \u010de je to primerno po nacionalni zakonodaji, saj se o-toluidin dobro absorbira skozi ko\u017eo. Zaposleni se morajo zavedati u\u010dinkov exposure. Osebna varovalna oprema se sme uporabljati le kot zadnja mo\u017enost, po uvedbi mo\u017enih tehni\u010dnih re\u0161itev.<\/p>\n

Reference: ECHA, IOM, SCOEL<\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","carcinogens":[6454],"class_list":["post-77337","fact","type-fact","status-publish","hentry","carcinogens-o-toluidin-sl"],"yoast_head":"\no-toluidin - STOP carcinogens at work<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Be aware of what you work with! We collected all the important information these causing substances in easy-to-understand factsheets.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sl\/fact\/o-toluidin\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sl_SI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"o-toluidin\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Be aware of what you work with! 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