{"id":77339,"date":"2024-01-04T09:28:32","date_gmt":"2024-01-04T09:28:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/fact\/refraktorska-keramicna-vlakna\/"},"modified":"2026-04-13T12:57:56","modified_gmt":"2026-04-13T12:57:56","slug":"refraktorska-keramicna-vlakna","status":"publish","type":"fact","link":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sl\/fact\/refraktorska-keramicna-vlakna\/","title":{"rendered":"refraktorska kerami\u010dna vlakna"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Po zadnjih ocenah je pribli\u017eno 25.000 zaposlenih v EU potencialno izpostavljenih refraktorskim kerami\u010dnim vlaknam (RCF). Glavni na\u010din izpostavljenosti pri delu je vdihavanje vlaken v zraku. V skladu z evropsko uredbo o razvr\u0161\u010danju, ozna\u010devanju in pakiranju (ES 1272\/2008) so RCF uvr\u0161\u010dena med rakotvorne snovi kategorije 1B, kar pomeni, da se na podlagi dokazov na \u017eivalih domneva, da so te snovi rakotvorne za ljudi. Ponavljajo\u010da se ali dolgotrajna inhalacijska exposure do RCF lahko pove\u010da tveganje za plju\u010dnega raka in druge kroni\u010dne plju\u010dne bolezni. <\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Kje se pojavljajo tveganja<\/h2>\n

RCF so industrijski izdelki, ki se uporabljajo kot izolacijski materiali pri visokih temperaturah v ve\u010d industrijskih sektorjih. Uporabljajo se predvsem kot obloge za pe\u010di in \u0161tedilnike. Glavne industrije, ki porabljajo RCF, so kemi\u010dna industrija, industrija gnojil, petrokemi\u010dna industrija, industrija jekla, stekla, keramike, cementa, livarstvo in kova\u0161tvo. Najpomembnej\u0161i na\u010din izpostavljenosti RCF med proizvodnjo in postopki pri kon\u010dnem uporabniku je vdihavanje. In RCF industriji lahko pride do exposureja RCF med postopki me\u0161anja in oblikovanja, rezanjem ali strojno obdelavo materiala ter med postopki, pri katerih se RCF kombinirajo ali sestavljajo z drugimi materiali. <\/p>\n

Na lokacijah kon\u010dnih uporabnikov lahko pride do exposureja do RCF pri name\u0161\u010danju visokotemperaturnih izolacijskih materialov, upravljanju strojev in pe\u010di, pregledu in vzdr\u017eevanju pe\u010di ter odstranjevanju materialov, ki vsebujejo RCF. Pri odstranjevanju izolacijskega materiala RCF z industrijskih pe\u010di in sten so bile izmerjene nekatere najvi\u0161je koncentracije v zraku v delovnih okoljih. <\/p>\n

Ve\u010d o snovi<\/h2>\n

RCF so obi\u010dajno beli ali sivi vlaknati materiali, ki se dobavljajo v obliki vlaken v razsutem stanju, v obliki odej ali v trdnem izdelku. Posamezna vlakna RCF niso vidna s prostim o\u010desom, saj je njihov povpre\u010dni premer v obmo\u010dju nizkih mikrometrov. Vlakna RCF spadajo v skupino materialov, imenovanih sinteti\u010dna steklena vlakna (SVF). Kemijsko so SVF sestavljena predvsem iz silikatnih mineralov. Od naravnih mineralnih vlaken, kot je azbest, se SVF razlikujejo po tem, da imajo amorfno (nekristalini\u010dno) strukturo in so obi\u010dajno manj obstojna. <\/p>\n

Glede na surovino in predvideno uporabo vsebujejo SVF razli\u010dne koli\u010dine kovinskih oksidov. V SVF je visoka vsebnost aluminijevega oksida, zaradi \u010desar so odporni na izjemno visoke temperature. V biolo\u0161kih okoljih, kot so plju\u010da, so RCF na splo\u0161no bolj obstojni kot drugi SVF. Struktura RCF se lahko delno spremeni iz amorfne v kristalno obliko, ko so dlje \u010dasa izpostavljeni visokim temperaturam (ve\u010d kot 1000 \u00b0C). Zato so lahko zaposleni med vzdr\u017eevalnimi in deli za ru\u0161enje objektov, ko je poru\u0161ena obloga RCF, izpostavljeni tako RCF kot kristalnemu silicijevemu dioksidu. <\/p>\n

Nevarnosti, ki se lahko pojavijo<\/h2>\n

V skladu z evropsko uredbo o razvr\u0161\u010danju, ozna\u010devanju in pakiranju so RCF razvr\u0161\u010deni kot rakotvorne snovi kategorije 1B. To temelji na dokazih, pridobljenih s poskusi na \u017eivalih, ki ka\u017eejo, da lahko ponavljajo\u010da se ali dolgotrajna inhalacijska exposure do RCF povzro\u010di pove\u010dano tveganje za plju\u010dnega raka, plevralni mezoteliom in druge kroni\u010dne plju\u010dne bolezni. <\/p>\n

Kratkotrajni u\u010dinki vdihavanja RCF lahko vklju\u010dujejo dra\u017eenje dihal, kot so bole\u010dine v grlu, zama\u0161en nos in ka\u0161elj. Dermalna izpostavljenost RCF lahko povzro\u010di kontaktni dermatitis in srbenje. Vlakna se lahko prenesejo tudi v o\u010di, na primer prek rok, kar povzro\u010di dra\u017eenje. <\/p>\n

Na mo\u017enost povzro\u010danja u\u010dinkov na plju\u010da s strani RCF vplivajo njihove fizikalne in kemi\u010dne lastnosti, med katerimi so najpomembnej\u0161i premer in dol\u017eina vlaken ter njihova topnost v biolo\u0161kih teko\u010dinah. To so klju\u010dne lastnosti, ki dolo\u010dajo prenos in obstojnost (\u010das zadr\u017eevanja) vlaken v plju\u010dih ter s tem njihovo strupenost. Latentna doba med exposurejo RCF in z njimi povezanimi raki naj bi bila dolga, do 20-30 let. <\/p>\n

Kaj lahko storite<\/h2>\n

Predvsem je treba preu\u010diti, ali je zamenjava RCF v izdelkih tehni\u010dno mogo\u010da. Primeri nadomestkov so silikatne volne iz alkalnih zemljin (AES) z manj\u0161o biolo\u0161ko obstojnostjo ali lahki nevlakneni ognjevzdr\u017eni izdelki. Tehni\u010dna primernost nadomestkov je zelo odvisna od zahtevanih toplotnih in mehanskih lastnosti ali kemi\u010dne in mehanske odpornosti. \u010ce zamenjava ni mogo\u010da, je priporo\u010dljivo uporabiti ustrezne oblike izdelkov, kot so predizdelani izdelki, laminirani izdelki, oblikovani deli ali delovni postopki, ki pomagajo zmanj\u0161ati nastajanje prahu. <\/p>\n

\u0160irjenje vlaken RCF je mogo\u010de zmanj\u0161ati tako, da se zaprejo pra\u0161ni procesi in uporabi u\u010dinkovito izpu\u0161no prezra\u010devanje. Materiale iz vlaken je treba hraniti zavite, kadar se ne uporabljajo, in z njimi \u010dim manj rokovati. Pred odstranjevanjem je priporo\u010dljivo materiale temeljito navla\u017eiti, da se zmanj\u0161a koli\u010dina vlaken, ki se prena\u0161ajo po zraku. Obmo\u010dja, kjer lahko pride do exposure, je treba dolo\u010diti in lo\u010diti od drugih delovnih obmo\u010dij. <\/p>\n

Delodajalci morajo izvajati redne ocene izpostavljenosti z osebnim vzor\u010denjem in\/ali stacionarnimi meritvami, da preverijo, ali so za\u0161\u010ditni ukrepi u\u010dinkoviti in ali je treba sprejeti dodatne ukrepe. Zaposleni je treba redno usposabljati za nadzorne ukrepe, potrebne za varno delo z RCF, da se prepre\u010di izpostavljenost. <\/p>\n

Prepovedati je treba jesti, kaditi in piti na obmo\u010djih, kjer obstaja nevarnost kontaminacije z RCF. Odmore je treba narediti v lo\u010denem, za to namenjenem \u010distem prostoru, pred jedjo pa je treba odstraniti osebno varovalno opremo in si umiti roke. Zagotoviti je treba umivalnice, ki zaposlenim omogo\u010dajo vzdr\u017eevanje ustreznega standarda osebne higiene. <\/p>\n

Da bi prepre\u010dili sekundarno izpostavljenost zaradi usedlih vlaken, je pomembno, da je delovno mesto urejeno. \u010ci\u0161\u010denje je treba izvajati z metodo, ki prepre\u010duje \u0161irjenje vlaken. Sesalniki morajo biti opremljeni z visoko u\u010dinkovitim filtriranjem HEPA. <\/p>\n

Zaposleni morajo imeti pri ravnanju z materiali RCF ustrezno osebno varovalno opremo, vklju\u010dno z opremo za za\u0161\u010dito dihal, za\u0161\u010ditno obleko, rokavicami in za\u0161\u010ditnimi o\u010dali. Za\u0161\u010ditno opremo je treba odstraniti na vnaprej dolo\u010den na\u010din (pri \u010demer je oprema za dihanje zadnja), jo redno \u010distiti in shranjevati na na\u010din, ki prepre\u010duje onesna\u017eenje z vlakni. <\/p>\n

Viri: ECHA, ILO, NIOSH, BAuA<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","carcinogens":[6415],"class_list":["post-77339","fact","type-fact","status-publish","hentry","carcinogens-ognjevzdrzna-keramicna-vlakna"],"yoast_head":"\nrefraktorska kerami\u010dna vlakna - STOP carcinogens at work<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Be aware of what you work with! We collected all the important information these causing substances in easy-to-understand factsheets.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sl\/fact\/refraktorska-keramicna-vlakna\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sl_SI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"refraktorska kerami\u010dna vlakna\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Be aware of what you work with! 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