{"id":77344,"date":"2024-01-04T09:27:34","date_gmt":"2024-01-04T09:27:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/fact\/n-nitrozamini\/"},"modified":"2026-09-09T11:30:06","modified_gmt":"2026-09-09T11:30:06","slug":"n-nitrozamini","status":"publish","type":"fact","link":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sl\/fact\/n-nitrozamini\/","title":{"rendered":"N-nitrozamini"},"content":{"rendered":"<blockquote><p>Samo v gumarski industriji je v EU zaposlenih ve\u010d kot 350.000 delavcev; poleg tega naj bi bilo pribli\u017eno 260.000 delavcev izpostavljenih teko\u010dinam za obdelavo kovin in inhibitorjem korozije. N-nitrozamini se obi\u010dajno ne proizvajajo namerno, temve\u010d obi\u010dajno nastanejo iz sekundarnih aminov in nitrozatorjev pod dolo\u010denimi reakcijskimi pogoji. Tipi\u010dna delovna mesta, kjer se lahko pojavljajo N-nitrozamini, so v gumarski, usnjarski, obdelovalci kovin in kemi\u010dni industriji. Glavni poti izpostavljenosti N-nitrozaminom sta vdihavanje in dermalna izpostavljenost. \u0160tevilni N-nitrozamini so v skladu z uredbo razvr\u0161\u010danja, ozna\u010devanja in pakiranja razvr\u0161\u010deni v rakotvorne snovi kategorije 1A, 1B ali 2. Epidemiolo\u0161ki podatki ka\u017eejo, da je izpostavljenost N-nitrozaminom v poklicnem okolju in v splo\u0161ni populaciji lahko povezana s tveganjem za nastanek razli\u010dnih vrst raka.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h2>Kje se pojavljajo tveganja<\/h2>\n<p>Do izpostavljenosti N-nitrozaminom lahko pride v gumarski industriji pri opravilih, kot so tehtanje, me\u0161anje, predelava polizdelkov, vulkanizacija in naknadna obdelava. Potencialni viri N-nitrozaminov so lahko tudi gumarski izdelki. Poro\u010dali so o izpostavljenosti v industriji obdelovalcev kovin, \u010de teko\u010dine za obdelavo kovin vsebujejo visoke ravni nitratov\/nitritov. Tipi\u010dne naloge so vzdr\u017eevanje in servisiranje strojev, ro\u010dno rokovanje s strojnimi orodji ob tesni prisotnosti upravljavca ter verjetnost pr\u0161enja, brizganja ali izhlapevanja teko\u010din za obdelavo kovin in zmesi med delovanjem. Vendar ni znano, ali ti pogoji v Evropi sploh \u0161e veljajo. Proizvodnja in uporaba aminov v kemi\u010dni industriji ter dekantiranje in polnjenje aminov in njihova uporaba v nadaljnjih kemi\u010dnih postopkih, npr. pri premazih s postopkom koagulacije, proizvodnji poliakrilonitrilnih vlaken, so delovna mesta, kjer se lahko pojavljajo N-nitrozamini. V preteklosti so bila prizadeta tudi delovna mesta v usnjarski industriji, elektronski industriji in livarnah.<\/p>\n<h2>Ve\u010d o snovi<\/h2>\n<p>N-nitrozamini se ne proizvajajo in ne uporabljajo. N-nitrozamini obi\u010dajno nastajajo iz sekundarnih aminov v stiku z drugimi du\u0161ikovimi spojinami in nitrozacijskimi sredstvi. Nitrotizirajo\u010da sredstva so du\u0161ikova kislina in njene soli, nitriti, du\u0161ikovi oksidi iz izpu\u0161nih plinov motorjev ali organske nitro in nitrozo spojine. Sekundarni amini so lahko prisotni v kemi\u010dnih dodatkih ali kot sestavine izdelkov, pripravljenih za uporabo. Znani sekundarni amini, ki lahko povzro\u010dajo nastanek N-nitrozaminov, so npr. dietilamin, dietiolamin, dietilpropilamin, morfolin, pirolidin. Sekundarni amini lahko v ustreznih koli\u010dinah nastanejo tudi iz drugih spojin, ki vsebujejo du\u0161ik, npr. s hidrolizo, termi\u010dno ali biogeno razgradnjo. Tipi\u010dne sekundarne amine najdemo tudi med inhibitorji korozije, pospe\u0161evalci vulkanizacije, topili in hladilnimi mazivi, ki se me\u0161ajo z vodo ali z vodo, kot so teko\u010dine za obdelavo kovin.<\/p>\n<h2>Nevarnosti, ki se lahko pojavijo<\/h2>\n<p>Izpostavljenost N-nitrozaminom je povezana s \u0161tevilnimi vrstami raka, npr. razvojem raka mehurja, \u017eelodca, po\u017eiralnika, prostate, trebu\u0161ne slinavke in levkemije ter multiplega mieloma.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Latentno obdobje med izpostavljenostjo in razvojem raka je ocenjeno na 15 let.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2>Kaj lahko storite<\/h2>\n<p>V prvi vrsti so ukrepi odstranitev in prepre\u010devanje tveganj. Zamenjajte sekundarne amine s primernimi nadomestki za va\u0161o specifi\u010dno uporabo, npr. primarnimi ali terciarnimi amini in alkanolamini. Poznanih je nekaj sekundarnih aminov, ki ne tvorijo rakotvornih N-nitrozaminov, npr. dicikloheksilamin. Za uporabo sekundarnih aminov so na voljo razli\u010dni alternativni kemi\u010dni sistemi, npr. v gumarski industriji. Za zmanj\u0161anje tveganja nastanka N-nitrozaminov nitrozatorje ali predhodne snovi, kot je nitrit, dr\u017eite stran in koncentracijo sekundarnih aminov nizko. Po potrebi uporabite inhibitorje za nastanek N-nitrozaminov, kot so askorbinska kislina, sulfamati, p-aminobenzoi\u010dna kislina, alfa-tokoferol, primarni amini in primarni alkanolamini. Preverite ali spremljajte maksimalno koncentracijo sekundarnih aminov, nitrozatorjev ali vrednost pH v izdelkih. Upo\u0161tevajte nacionalne omejitve uporabe, \u010de obstajajo. \u010ce zamenjava ni mogo\u010da, uvedite redno ocenjevanje izpostavljenosti, da preverite, ali so va\u0161i za\u0161\u010ditni ukrepi u\u010dinkoviti ali pa je potrebno sprejeti dodatne ukrepe. Tehni\u010dni za\u0161\u010ditni ukrepi, kot so zaprti sistemi ali odsesavanje procesnih N-nitrozaminov, so alternativa, \u010de zamenjava ni mogo\u010da. Zaposlene nenehno ozave\u0161\u010dajte o u\u010dinkih izpostavljenosti. Poleg tega usposobite zaposlene o nevarnostih, varnih delovnih praksah in u\u010dinkovitih higienskih ukrepih. Zagotovite, da imajo zaposleni ustrezno osebno varovalno opremo, kot so za\u0161\u010ditna obla\u010dila in rokavice, \u010de je potrebno. Osebna varovalna oprema naj se uporablja le kot zadnja mo\u017enost, potem ko so bile predstavljene mo\u017ene tehni\u010dne re\u0161itve.<\/p>\n<p><em>Reference: AGS, ECHA, FIOH, DGUV, HSE, BAuA, Statista<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","carcinogens":[6384],"class_list":["post-77344","fact","type-fact","status-publish","hentry","carcinogens-nitrozamini-sl"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.4 (Yoast SEO v28.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>N-nitrozamini - STOP carcinogens at work<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Sumijo, da je rakotvorna snov, saj po\u0161koduje genetski material, povzro\u010da \u017eelod\u010dnega raka ali alergijski kontaktni dermatitis.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sl\/fact\/n-nitrozamini\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sl_SI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"N-nitrozamini\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Sumijo, da je rakotvorna snov, saj po\u0161koduje genetski material, povzro\u010da \u017eelod\u010dnega raka ali alergijski kontaktni dermatitis.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sl\/fact\/n-nitrozamini\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"STOP carcinogens at work\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-09-09T11:30:06+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"3 minute\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/sl\\\/fact\\\/n-nitrozamini\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/sl\\\/fact\\\/n-nitrozamini\\\/\",\"name\":\"N-nitrozamini - 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