{"id":77344,"date":"2024-01-04T09:27:34","date_gmt":"2024-01-04T09:27:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/fact\/n-nitrozamini\/"},"modified":"2025-09-04T10:16:17","modified_gmt":"2025-09-04T10:16:17","slug":"n-nitrozamini","status":"publish","type":"fact","link":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sl\/fact\/n-nitrozamini\/","title":{"rendered":"N-nitrozamini"},"content":{"rendered":"<blockquote><p>Samo v gumarski industriji je v EU zaposlenih ve\u010d kot 350.000 delavcev; poleg tega naj bi bilo pribli\u017eno 260.000 delavcev izpostavljenih teko\u010dinam za obdelavo kovin in inhibitorjem korozije. N-nitrozamini se obi\u010dajno ne proizvajajo namerno, temve\u010d obi\u010dajno nastanejo iz sekundarnih aminov in nitrozatorjev pod dolo\u010denimi reakcijskimi pogoji. Tipi\u010dna delovna mesta, kjer se lahko pojavljajo N-nitrozamini, so v gumarski, usnjarski, obdelovalci kovin in kemi\u010dni industriji. Glavni poti izpostavljenosti N-nitrozaminom sta vdihavanje in dermalna izpostavljenost. \u0160tevilni N-nitrozamini so v skladu z uredbo razvr\u0161\u010danja, ozna\u010devanja in pakiranja razvr\u0161\u010deni v rakotvorne snovi kategorije 1A, 1B ali 2. Epidemiolo\u0161ki podatki ka\u017eejo, da je izpostavljenost N-nitrozaminom v poklicnem okolju in v splo\u0161ni populaciji lahko povezana s tveganjem za nastanek razli\u010dnih vrst raka.     <\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h2>Kje se pojavljajo tveganja<\/h2>\n<p>Do izpostavljenosti N-nitrozaminom lahko pride v gumarski industriji pri opravilih, kot so tehtanje, me\u0161anje, predelava polizdelkov, vulkanizacija in naknadna obdelava. Potencialni viri N-nitrozaminov so lahko tudi gumarski izdelki. Poro\u010dali so o izpostavljenosti v industriji obdelovalcev kovin, \u010de teko\u010dine za obdelavo kovin vsebujejo visoke ravni nitratov\/nitritov. Tipi\u010dne naloge so vzdr\u017eevanje in servisiranje strojev, ro\u010dno rokovanje s strojnimi orodji ob tesni prisotnosti upravljavca ter verjetnost pr\u0161enja, brizganja ali izhlapevanja teko\u010din za obdelavo kovin in zmesi med delovanjem. Vendar ni znano, ali ti pogoji v Evropi sploh \u0161e veljajo. Proizvodnja in uporaba aminov v kemi\u010dni industriji ter dekantiranje in polnjenje aminov in njihova uporaba v nadaljnjih kemi\u010dnih postopkih, npr. pri premazih s postopkom koagulacije, proizvodnji poliakrilonitrilnih vlaken, so delovna mesta, kjer se lahko pojavljajo N-nitrozamini. V preteklosti so bila prizadeta tudi delovna mesta v usnjarski industriji, elektronski industriji in livarnah.      <\/p>\n<h2>Ve\u010d o snovi<\/h2>\n<p>N-nitrozamini se ne proizvajajo in ne uporabljajo. N-nitrozamini obi\u010dajno nastajajo iz sekundarnih aminov v stiku z drugimi du\u0161ikovimi spojinami in nitrozacijskimi sredstvi. Nitrotizirajo\u010da sredstva so du\u0161ikova kislina in njene soli, nitriti, du\u0161ikovi oksidi iz izpu\u0161nih plinov motorjev ali organske nitro in nitrozo spojine. Sekundarni amini so lahko prisotni v kemi\u010dnih dodatkih ali kot sestavine izdelkov, pripravljenih za uporabo. Znani sekundarni amini, ki lahko povzro\u010dajo nastanek N-nitrozaminov, so npr. dietilamin, dietiolamin, dietilpropilamin, morfolin, pirolidin. Sekundarni amini lahko v ustreznih koli\u010dinah nastanejo tudi iz drugih spojin, ki vsebujejo du\u0161ik, npr. s hidrolizo, termi\u010dno ali biogeno razgradnjo. Tipi\u010dne sekundarne amine najdemo tudi med inhibitorji korozije, pospe\u0161evalci vulkanizacije, topili in hladilnimi mazivi, ki se me\u0161ajo z vodo ali z vodo, kot so teko\u010dine za obdelavo kovin.          <\/p>\n<h2>Nevarnosti, ki se lahko pojavijo<\/h2>\n<p>Izpostavljenost N-nitrozaminom je povezana z razli\u010dnimi vrstami raka, npr. z razvojem raka na mehurju, \u017eelodcu, po\u017eiralniku, prostati, trebu\u0161ni slinavki in jetrih, levkemije in multiplega mieloma.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Latentna doba med izpostavljenostjo in razvojem raka je ocenjena na 15 let.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2>Kaj lahko storite<\/h2>\n<p>V prvi vrsti so ukrepi odpravljanje in prepre\u010devanje tveganj. Sekundarne amine zamenjajte z ustreznimi nadomestki za specifi\u010dno uporabo, npr. primarnimi ali terciarnimi amini in alkanolamini. Poznamo nekaj sekundarnih aminov, ki ne tvorijo rakotvornih snovi N-nitrozamini, npr. dicikloheksilamin. Za uporabo sekundarnih aminov, npr. v gumarski industriji, so na voljo razli\u010dni alternativni kemijski sistemi. Da bi zmanj\u0161ali tveganje za nastanek N-nitrozaminov, poskrbite, da nitrozatorji ali predhodniki, kot je nitrit, ne bodo prisotni, koncentracija sekundarnih aminov pa naj bo nizka. Po potrebi uporabite zaviralce nastajanja N-nitrozaminov, kot so askorbinska kislina, sulfamati, p-aminobenzojska kislina, alfa-tokoferol, primarni amini in primarni alkanolamini. Preverite ali spremljajte najve\u010djo koncentracijo sekundarnih aminov, nitrozantov ali pH-vrednost v izdelkih. Upo\u0161tevajte nacionalne omejitve uporabe, \u010de obstajajo. \u010ce zamenjava ni mogo\u010da, izvajajte redno ocenjevanje izpostavljenosti, da preverite, ali so va\u0161i veljavni za\u0161\u010ditni ukrepi u\u010dinkoviti ali pa je treba sprejeti dodatne ukrepe. Tehni\u010dni za\u0161\u010ditni ukrepi, kot so zaprti sistemi ali izpu\u0161\u010danje s procesom povezanih N-nitrozaminov, so alternativa, \u010de zamenjava ni mogo\u010da. Zaposlene stalno ozave\u0161\u010dajte o u\u010dinkih izpostavljenosti. Poleg tega zaposlene usposabljajte o nevarnostih, varnih delovnih postopkih in u\u010dinkovitih higienskih ukrepih. Zagotovite, da imajo zaposleni ustrezno osebno varovalno opremo, kot so za\u0161\u010ditna obla\u010dila in rokavice, \u010de je to potrebno. Osebno varovalno opremo uporabljajte le v skrajnem primeru, potem ko so bile predstavljene mo\u017ene tehni\u010dne re\u0161itve.             <\/p>\n<p><em>Reference: AGS, ECHA, FIOH, DGUV, HSE, BAuA, Statista<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","carcinogens":[6384],"class_list":["post-77344","fact","type-fact","status-publish","hentry","carcinogens-nitrozamini-sl"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.0 (Yoast SEO v27.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>N-nitrozamini - STOP carcinogens at work<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Sumijo, da je rakotvorna snov, saj po\u0161koduje genetski material, povzro\u010da \u017eelod\u010dnega raka ali alergijski kontaktni dermatitis.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sl\/fact\/n-nitrozamini\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sl_SI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"N-nitrozamini\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Sumijo, da je rakotvorna snov, saj po\u0161koduje genetski material, povzro\u010da \u017eelod\u010dnega raka ali alergijski kontaktni dermatitis.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sl\/fact\/n-nitrozamini\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"STOP carcinogens at work\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-09-04T10:16:17+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"4 minute\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/sl\\\/fact\\\/n-nitrozamini\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/sl\\\/fact\\\/n-nitrozamini\\\/\",\"name\":\"N-nitrozamini - 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