{"id":77346,"date":"2025-03-18T08:27:52","date_gmt":"2025-03-18T08:27:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/fact\/ultravijolicno-sevanje\/"},"modified":"2025-09-04T10:16:28","modified_gmt":"2025-09-04T10:16:28","slug":"ultravijolicno-sevanje","status":"publish","type":"fact","link":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sl\/fact\/ultravijolicno-sevanje\/","title":{"rendered":"Ultravijoli\u010dno sevanje"},"content":{"rendered":"

V Evropi je pribli\u017eno 36 milijonov zaposlenih izpostavljenih naravnemu ultravijoli\u010dnemu sevanju (UVS) s sonca, pribli\u017eno 1 milijon pa UVS iz umetnih virov. Izpostavljenost UVR vpliva predvsem na ko\u017eo in o\u010di. Tako son\u010dno kot umetno UVR je razvr\u0161\u010deno kot rakotvorne snovi za ljudi (skupina 1 IARC). Prekomerna izpostavljenost UVR povzro\u010di son\u010dne opekline ter vnetje ro\u017eenice in o\u010desne veznice z nekajurnim zamikom. Siva mrena in razli\u010dne vrste ko\u017enega raka se lahko razvijejo po ve\u010d letih izpostavljenosti UVR. IARC je za leto 2022 v Evropi poro\u010dal o ve\u010d kot 470 000 novih primerih ko\u017enega raka (melanoma in nemelanoma). <\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Kje se pojavljajo tveganja<\/h2>\n

Na vse delavce, zaposlene v gradbeni\u0161tvu, npr. v kmetijstvu in gozdarstvu, gradbeni\u0161tvu in gradnji in\u017eenirskih objektov ali v pomorstvu, son\u010dni UVR \u0161e posebej vpliva. Vendar so zaradi izpostavljenosti son\u010dnemu UVR ogro\u017eeni tudi zaposleni, ki le delno delajo na prostem, kot so delavci v dostavi, policiji in re\u0161evalnih slu\u017ebah, v izobra\u017eevanju in gostinstvu. Delovne dejavnosti, ki jih lahko spremlja umetno UVR, so na primer varjenje ali rezanje z oblokom ali laserjem, presku\u0161anje materialov, UV-dezinfekcija (\u017eivilska industrija, obdelava vode) ali industrijsko utrjevanje barv. <\/p>\n

Ve\u010d o nevarnosti<\/h2>\n

UVR z valovnimi dol\u017einami med 100 in 400 nm ni niti viden niti kako druga\u010de zaznaven. Vsaka valovna dol\u017eina UVR nima enakega biolo\u0161kega u\u010dinka, vendar je treba upo\u0161tevati relativno spektralno ob\u010dutljivost ko\u017ee in o\u010di. Zato zlasti ultravijoli\u010dno (UV) sevanje (280-315 nm) predstavlja tveganje za son\u010dne opekline. Ultravijoli\u010dno (UV) sevanje (315-400 nm) pa med drugim povzro\u010da staranje ko\u017ee in gubanje. <\/p>\n

Son\u010dno sevanje UV-C (100-280 nm) v celoti absorbira stratosferski ozonski pla\u0161\u010d, zato ne dose\u017ee zemeljske povr\u0161ine. Vendar se lahko umetno sevanje UV-C pojavi na primer pri oblo\u010dnem varjenju in dezinfekciji (obi\u010dajno z valovno dol\u017eino 254 nm) ali pri uporabi nekaterih laserskih virov. Umetno sevanje UV-C se delno absorbira v zraku, zaradi \u010desar se tvori ozon. <\/p>\n

Nevarnosti, ki se lahko pojavijo<\/h2>\n

UVR vpliva predvsem na povr\u0161ino ko\u017ee in o\u010di, znano pa je tudi, da zavira imunski sistem. Akutna, prekomerna izpostavljenost UVR lahko povzro\u010di bole\u010de, vendar reverzibilno vnetje ro\u017eenice in o\u010desne veznice, ki je videti kot “pesek v o\u010desu”, ter vnetno rde\u010dico ko\u017ee (eritem, sinonim za son\u010dne opekline). Dolgotrajna izpostavljenost visokemu UVR pove\u010duje tveganje za nastanek belega (nemelanomskega) in \u010drnega (melanomskega) ko\u017enega raka ter sive mrene. Medtem ko akutni u\u010dinki na zdravje nastopijo z nekajurno zamudo, je latenca bolezni, ki jih povzro\u010da kroni\u010dna izpostavljenost UVR, ve\u010ddesetletna. <\/p>\n

Kaj lahko storite<\/h2>\n

Za\u010detni pregled za zamenjavo nevarne delovne opreme je naju\u010dinkovitej\u0161i na\u010din za prepre\u010devanje izpostavljenosti UVR. Pri son\u010dnem UVR vira tveganja (sonca) ni mogo\u010de nadomestiti. \u010ce pa je predvidena uporaba umetnega UVR ali se ta pojavi nenamerno, je treba predhodno opraviti preverjanje zamenjave. Na\u010deloma je najbolj\u0161a za\u0161\u010dita pred UVR razumna kombinacija tehni\u010dnih, organizacijskih in osebnih ukrepov. <\/p>\n

Tehni\u010dni ukrepi vklju\u010dujejo vse oblike za\u0161\u010dite in sen\u010denja, npr. nadstre\u0161ke na stacionarnih delovnih mestih in sen\u010dnike na nestacionarnih delovnih mestih na prostem. Popolnoma zaprte kabine zagotavljajo za\u0161\u010dito pred UVR pri uporabi mobilne delovne opreme. Obstoje\u010de sen\u010denje, npr. s stavbami ali rastlinami, pogosto zagotavlja le omejeno za\u0161\u010dito pred UVR. Pri uporabi umetnega UVR je primeren na\u010din za zagotavljanje u\u010dinkovite za\u0161\u010dite pred UVR zaprtje vira ali zasen\u010denje dostopnega UVR. <\/p>\n

Cilj organizacijskih ukrepov je zmanj\u0161ati trajanje izpostavljenosti. Ti vklju\u010dujejo na primer premestitev delovnih dejavnosti v sen\u010dne ali za\u0161\u010ditene prostore, ki so izpostavljeni le malo ali sploh niso izpostavljeni, ter premik delovnega \u010dasa v zgodnej\u0161e jutranje in poznej\u0161e ve\u010derne ure (pri delu na prostem). Primera organizacijskih ukrepov sta tudi porazdelitev delovnih dejavnosti med ve\u010d zaposlenih in omejevanje dostopa do notranjih delovnih prostorov, izpostavljenih UVR, z znaki ali oznakami. <\/p>\n

Pogosto so obvezni osebni ukrepi, kot so pokrivalo s \u0161irokim robom in za\u0161\u010dita vratu, za\u0161\u010ditna o\u010dala (son\u010dna o\u010dala ali posebej oblikovana za\u0161\u010ditna o\u010dala za umetno UVR), \u0161\u010ditniki za obraz in vizirji ter obla\u010dila in rokavice, ki pokrivajo celotno telo. Predele ko\u017ee, ki jih ni mogo\u010de pokriti s tekstilom, npr. obraz zaposlenih na prostem, je treba za\u0161\u010dititi z uporabo kreme za son\u010denje z dovolj visokim za\u0161\u010ditnim faktorjem. <\/p>\n

Reference: IARC, COM, ICNIRP<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","carcinogens":[6542],"class_list":["post-77346","fact","type-fact","status-publish","hentry","carcinogens-uv-sevanje"],"yoast_head":"\nUltravijoli\u010dno sevanje - STOP carcinogens at work<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Ocenjuje se, da je UV-\u017earkom izpostavljenih 37 milijonov zaposlenih. 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