{"id":77616,"date":"2017-11-28T13:07:59","date_gmt":"2017-11-28T13:07:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/good-practice\/uporaba-pesticidov-v-svedskem-gozdarskem-sektorju\/"},"modified":"2025-09-04T10:17:23","modified_gmt":"2025-09-04T10:17:23","slug":"uporaba-pesticidov-v-svedskem-gozdarskem-sektorju","status":"publish","type":"good-practice","link":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sl\/good-practice\/uporaba-pesticidov-v-svedskem-gozdarskem-sektorju\/","title":{"rendered":"Uporaba pesticidov v \u0161vedskem gozdarskem sektorju"},"content":{"rendered":"

Cilj te re\u0161itve je bil najti nekemi\u010dno za\u0161\u010dito pred insekti, ki bi bila sprejemljiva z ekonomskega in okoljskega vidika za vse zainteresirane strani v gozdarskem sektorju na \u0160vedskem.<\/p>\n

Ciljna populacija in okolje<\/h2>\n

Ciljna populacija te re\u0161itve so bili zaposleni v \u0161vedskem gozdarskem sektorju, ki so delali s \u0161kodljivimi pesticidi (kemikalijami). Te kemikalije so obi\u010dajno preventivni insekticidi, kot so sinteti\u010dni piretroidi in neonikotinoidi, in so se uporabljale za prepre\u010devanje \u017eu\u017eelkam, da bi objedale lubje mladih drevesnih sadik. Imajo mo\u010dne u\u010dinke na \u0161tevilne \u017eu\u017eelke in \u0161kodljivo vplivajo na zdravje zaposlenih. Te kemikalije niso jasno razvr\u0161\u010dene med rakotvorne snovi, vendar so povezane s hudimi \u0161kodljivimi posledicami za zdravje, vklju\u010dno s tekom iz o\u010di in nosu, te\u017eavami z dihali, te\u017eavami s ko\u017eo in alergijami. \u010ceprav se ti pesticidi uporabljajo po vsem svetu, je bila na \u0160vedskem te\u017eava v tem, da je bila ve\u010dina dela sezonskega, tj. v poletni sezoni, in da so zaposleni zaradi visokih temperatur v poletni sezoni ravnali s predhodno tretiranimi sadikami dreves brez za\u0161\u010ditnih obla\u010dil. <\/p>\n

Koraki<\/h2>\n
    \n
  1. Opredelitev te\u017eav s pesticidi pri regeneraciji (1992). Takrat je vpra\u0161anje uporabe insekticidov prvi\u010d postalo del dru\u017ebenega koledarja na \u0160vedskem. <\/li>\n
  2. Seminar z izumitelji in raziskovalci za opis problema (1993). Po seminarju so raziskovalci razvili ve\u010d kot 50 za\u0161\u010ditnih naprav, ki so jih preizku\u0161ali ve\u010d let. Vendar se je le nekaj teh naprav izkazalo za potencialno uporabne, njihovi rezultati pa niso bili prepri\u010dljivi. Glavna te\u017eava je bila v tem, da so bile \u017eu\u017eelke precej odporne, drevesne sadike pa ne. Zato bi agresivna re\u0161itev proti \u017eu\u017eelkam uni\u010dila tudi drevesne sadike. <\/li>\n
  3. Da bi pospe\u0161ili proces iskanja bolj trajnostne in u\u010dinkovite re\u0161itve, je bil ustanovljen Odbor za za\u0161\u010dito sadik (1998). \u010clani odbora so postali vsi pomembni dele\u017eniki v zvezi s problematiko insekticidov in sadik dreves na \u0160vedskem, naloge pa so bile razdeljene. Skogforsk (Gozdarski raziskovalni in\u0161titut) je na primer prevzel upravne in finan\u010dne naloge ter nekatere raziskovalne naloge. Univerza za kmetijske vede je opravila ve\u010dino raziskav in pripravila kon\u010dno re\u0161itev problema. Druge zainteresirane strani, kot so \u0160vedska agencija za gozdove in gozdarska podjetja, so preverjale, ali je odbor ostal na pravi poti, in na vse mo\u017ene na\u010dine pomagale pri iskanju re\u0161itve. Vse zainteresirane strani so prikazane na spodnji sliki. <\/li>\n
  4. Klju\u010dno za skupno iskanje re\u0161itve je bilo, da so imeli vsi dele\u017eniki od prvega dne v mislih isti cilj: najti re\u0161itev za uporabo insekticidov v \u0161vedskem gozdarskem sektorju. Druge strani, ki \u017eelijo vstopiti v podoben proces iskanja re\u0161itve za uporabo kemikalij v gozdarskem sektorju, bi lahko vklju\u010devale tudi okoljske zainteresirane strani, kot je Svet za upravljanje gozdov (Forest Stewardship Council – FSC). Ta projekt ni vklju\u010deval FSC ali drugih okoljskih dele\u017enikov, saj so to odgovornost prevzeli drugi dele\u017eniki, FSC pa takrat na \u0160vedskem ni bil prisoten. <\/li>\n
  5. Re\u0161itev: leta 2001 je bila najdena re\u0161itev. Na\u010drt je bil, da se na stebla sadik nanese dolo\u010dena vrsta lepila na vodni osnovi, nato pa se na lepilo razpr\u0161i zelo fin pesek. To deluje, saj \u017eu\u017eelke ne marajo peska v ustih, zato se izogibajo sadikam. Leta 2002 je bila re\u0161itev patentirana. <\/li>\n
  6. Da bi bila ta re\u0161itev donosna in na voljo v velikem obsegu, je bil razvit stroj za dostavo lepila in peska. Ta stroj, Conniflex, je bil dan na trg leta 2009, v obdobju 2010-2015 pa se je vedno bolj uporabljal. \u0160tevilo prizadetih sadik se iz leta v leto zmanj\u0161uje, prav tako pa tudi uporaba insekticidov. Pomembno vlogo v tej fazi projekta je imela organizacija FSC, ki je pove\u010dala pritisk na podjetja, da zmanj\u0161ajo uporabo kemikalij v gozdarstvu in poi\u0161\u010dejo alternativne re\u0161itve. <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Financiranje<\/h2>\n

    Na za\u010detku delovanja Odbora (1998) je bilo ocenjeno, da bo letni prora\u010dun za ta projekt zna\u0161al pribli\u017eno 320 000 EUR. Projekt naj bi se izvajal pet let. Ve\u010dina sredstev je bila zbrana z dogovorom z vsemi gozdnimi drevesnicami o pla\u010dilu 0,03 evrocenta na sadiko, tretirano z insekticidom. Ker je iskanje re\u0161itve problema trajalo veliko dlje, kot je bilo sprva predvideno, je bilo treba pogodbo z gozdnimi drevesnicami ve\u010dkrat podalj\u0161ati. Kon\u010dne pogodbe so bile sklenjene za obdobje 2010-2014. Skupni stro\u0161ki od za\u010detka projekta so ocenjeni na pribli\u017eno 6 milijonov EUR. <\/p>\n

    Pridobljene izku\u0161nje
    \n<\/u><\/h2>\n
      \n
    1. Za razvoj re\u0161itev, primerljivih s tukaj opisano re\u0161itvijo, je treba opredeliti problem in zainteresirane strani ter z vsemi zainteresiranimi stranmi dose\u010di soglasje o tem, kak\u0161en je problem.<\/li>\n
    2. Financiranje teh projektov je lahko precej\u0161en izziv, vendar so na voljo ustvarjalne re\u0161itve. V tem projektu je bilo uporabljenih ve\u010d takih re\u0161itev, na primer cena na enoto, ki je na splo\u0161no privla\u010dna zaradi nizke stopnje za podjetja, in kombinacija ve\u010d virov financiranja, tj. sredstev za raziskave, vladnih sredstev in sredstev podjetja. <\/li>\n
    3. Vlogo zainteresiranih strani in njihov vpliv v dru\u017ebenem in politi\u010dnem kontekstu lahko uporabite za lobiranje za svojo re\u0161itev.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

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