{"id":57889,"date":"2025-03-18T07:53:03","date_gmt":"2025-03-18T07:53:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/fact\/cerrahi-duman\/"},"modified":"2025-10-23T09:37:00","modified_gmt":"2025-10-23T09:37:00","slug":"cerrahi-duman","status":"publish","type":"fact","link":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/tr\/fact\/cerrahi-duman\/","title":{"rendered":"Cerrahi Duman"},"content":{"rendered":"

2018 verilerine g\u00f6re, AB’de \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan 1.7 milyon doktor ve 3.1 milyon hem\u015fireden binlercesi her g\u00fcn ameliyathanelerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Buna AB genelinde ameliyathanelerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan 400.000 cerrah da d\u00e2hildir. Ameliyathanelerde (OR) elektrocerrahi ekipmanlar\u0131, lazerler ve di\u011fer enerji ekipmanlar\u0131 kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan cerrahi duman, dokulara ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak benzen ve formaldehit gibi kategori 1A kanserojenleri de i\u00e7eren \u00e7e\u015fitli ve farkl\u0131 miktarlarda zararl\u0131 maddeler i\u00e7erebilir. Cerrahi dumana maruz kal\u0131nmas\u0131 halinde ameliyathanede ge\u00e7irilen bir g\u00fcn, g\u00fcnde 27 sigara i\u00e7mek kadar tehlikeli olabilir ve Avrupa genelinde ameliyathane personelinin sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir tehdit olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. <\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Doktorlar, hem\u015fireler ve ameliyathane teknisyenleri ameliyathanelerde \u00f6nemli miktarda zaman ge\u00e7irmekte ve bu nedenle Cerrahi Duman\u0131n risklerine y\u00fcksek oranda maruz kalmakta, iyi bilinen kanserojen maddeler de dahil olmak \u00fczere 150’ye kadar zararl\u0131 toksin i\u00e7eren havay\u0131 solumaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Risklerin olu\u015ftu\u011fu yerler<\/h2>\n

Diyatermi duman\u0131 olarak da bilinen cerrahi duman, ameliyat s\u0131ras\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar ve doku kesmek ve diseksiyon yapmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan lazerler, elektrocerrahi \u00fcniteleri, ultrasonik \u00fcniteler, koter \u00fcniteleri ve y\u00fcksek h\u0131zl\u0131 matkaplar ve \u00e7apaklar gibi cerrahi cihazlar\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131yla \u00fcretilir. Cerrahi Duman, Benzen ve formaldehit de dahil olmak \u00fczere \u00e7e\u015fitli toksik maddeler i\u00e7erir.<\/p>\n

Hem\u015fireler, cerrahlar, anestezistler, teknisyenler, Veteriner Hekimler ve ameliyathanelerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan herkes, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 maruziyet nedeniyle cerrahi duman\u0131n yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131k komplikasyonlar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan en fazla risk alt\u0131nda olan ki\u015filerdir. Cerrahi duman\u0131n tehlikeye att\u0131\u011f\u0131 tek ki\u015filerin sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da unutmamak gerekir. <\/p>\n

Tehlike hakk\u0131nda daha fazla bilgi<\/h2>\n

Cerrahi Duman yakla\u015f\u0131k %95 su ve %5 organik buhar ve partik\u00fcl madde formundaki h\u00fccresel kal\u0131nt\u0131lardan olu\u015fur. Partik\u00fcl madde kimyasallar, kan ve doku partik\u00fclleri, vir\u00fcsler ve bakterilerden olu\u015fur. Bu \u00e7e\u015fitli toksik ve zararl\u0131 maddeler, bunlara maruz kalan insanlar i\u00e7in tehlikelidir. <\/p>\n

Cerrahi duman\u0131n bile\u015fenleri aras\u0131nda asetonitril, akrolein, benzen, Toluen<\/a>, formaldehit ve polisiklik<\/a> aromatik hidrokarbonlar bulunmaktad\u0131r .<\/a> \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar, Cerrahi Duman’da tahri\u015f edici, mutajenik, kanserojenik ve n\u00f6rotoksik kimyasal ve biyolojik bile\u015fikler bulundu\u011funu g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. <\/p>\n

Olu\u015fabilecek tehlikeler<\/h2>\n

Cerrahi duman, i\u00e7erdi\u011fi partik\u00fcller nedeniyle do\u011frudan ve dolayl\u0131 zararlara neden olabilir. Do\u011frudan etkiler s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda, hastane ameliyathane personelinde g\u00f6zlerde ve ciltte tahri\u015fe (dermatit olarak bilinir), akut ba\u015f a\u011fr\u0131lar\u0131na veya alerjik rinite yol a\u00e7abilir. Ayr\u0131ca mesleki ast\u0131m ve kronik obstr\u00fcktif akci\u011fer hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 (KOAH) gibi kronik akci\u011fer rahats\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131 riskini de art\u0131rabilir. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar, ameliyathane hem\u015firelerinin di\u011fer hem\u015firelere g\u00f6re daha y\u00fcksek \u015fiddetli kal\u0131c\u0131 ast\u0131m riski alt\u0131nda oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. <\/p>\n

Dolayl\u0131 etkiler s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda, kad\u0131n cerrahlarda gebelik komplikasyonlar\u0131 ve k\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131k i\u00e7in bir tehlike olarak bildirilmi\u015ftir. Cerrahi duman\u0131n canl\u0131 vir\u00fcsler veya bakteriler gibi enfeksiyonlar\u0131 bula\u015ft\u0131rabilece\u011fine dair endi\u015feler de vard\u0131r. <\/p>\n

Yapabilecekleriniz<\/h2>\n

Cerrahi dumanla m\u00fccadele etmek i\u00e7in baz\u0131lar\u0131 di\u011ferlerinden daha etkili olan bir dizi teknoloji mevcuttur. Bunlar aras\u0131nda y\u00fcksek havaland\u0131rma sistemleri, yerel duman emme cihazlar\u0131 ve filtrasyonlu cerrahi maskeler yer almaktad\u0131r. Kapsaml\u0131 bir yakla\u015f\u0131m, farkl\u0131 teknolojilerin ayn\u0131 anda kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirir. Yerel tahliye cihazlar\u0131, duman\u0131 do\u011frudan kayna\u011f\u0131nda yakalayarak ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck partik\u00fclleri filtreleyerek cerrahi duman\u0131n zararl\u0131 etkilerine minimum d\u00fczeyde maruz kal\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 veya hi\u00e7 maruz kal\u0131nmamas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. Ameliyathanelerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 korumak i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli mekanizmalar kullan\u0131labilse bile, hi\u00e7biri cerrahi duman\u0131 do\u011frudan kayna\u011f\u0131nda yakalamak ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck partik\u00fclleri filtrelemek kadar etkili de\u011fildir. Yerel tahliye cihazlar\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 ve hastalar i\u00e7in en y\u00fcksek korumay\u0131 sa\u011flar. Bu nedenle, maruz kalma riskini en aza indirmek i\u00e7in cerrahi duman\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131ndan en fazla 2 cm mesafede uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00f6nerilir. <\/p>\n

Bununla birlikte, dokular Cerrahi Duman \u00fcretimlerine g\u00f6re \u00fc\u00e7 farkl\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131fa ayr\u0131labilir. Karaci\u011fer gibi y\u00fcksek PM’li dokular, renal korteks, renal pelvis ve iskelet kas\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eren orta PM’li dokular ve deri, gri madde, beyaz madde, bron\u015f ve deri alt\u0131 ya\u011f gibi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck PM’li dokular. <\/p>\n

Kaynak yakalama genel olarak olduk\u00e7a etkili olsa da, karaci\u011fer gibi y\u00fcksek PM \u201cli dokular i\u00e7in yeterli olmayabilir. Duman tahliye sistemleriyle bile, partik\u00fcl madde konsantrasyonlar\u0131 y\u00fcksek PM\u201d li dokular \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken yine de sa\u011fl\u0131ks\u0131z seviyelere ula\u015fabilir. Bu durum, ameliyathane personeline yeterli koruma sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in duman tahliye sistemleriyle birlikte ULPA filtreleri, organizasyonel \u00f6nlemler (\u00f6rn. personel say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ve ameliyathanede bulunma s\u00fcrelerinin azalt\u0131lmas\u0131) ve solunum maskeleri (FFP3) gibi ek koruyucu \u00f6nlemlerin gerekli oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir. <\/p>\n

Y\u00fcz maskeleri ve havaland\u0131rma sistemleri ameliyathanelerde yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r, ancak cerrahi dumana kar\u015f\u0131 etkisiz olduklar\u0131 kan\u0131tlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, cerrahi dumandaki partik\u00fcllerin %77’si standart cerrahi maskeler taraf\u0131ndan yeterince filtrelenememektedir ve y\u00fcksek filtrasyonlu maskeler yaln\u0131zca 0,1 mikrona kadar etkilidir, bu da potansiyel sa\u011fl\u0131k etkileri olan t\u00fcm vir\u00fcsleri filtrelememektedir. Ancak bir ULPA (Ultra D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck Partik\u00fcll\u00fc Hava) filtresi, mikron alt\u0131 partik\u00fclleri havadan uzakla\u015ft\u0131rmada etkilidir. <\/p>\n

Referanslar: Cerrahi Duman Koalisyonu<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

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