{"id":57891,"date":"2024-01-04T09:27:34","date_gmt":"2024-01-04T09:27:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/fact\/nitrosamines\/"},"modified":"2025-06-13T13:27:36","modified_gmt":"2025-06-13T13:27:36","slug":"nitrosamines","status":"publish","type":"fact","link":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/tr\/fact\/nitrosamines\/","title":{"rendered":"Nitrozaminler"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sadece kau\u00e7uk end\u00fcstrisinde AB’de 350.000’den fazla i\u015f\u00e7i istihdam edilmektedir; buna ek olarak yakla\u015f\u0131k 260.000 i\u015f\u00e7inin metal i\u015fleme s\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131na ve korozyon inhibit\u00f6rlerine maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 tahmin edilmektedir. N-nitrozaminler tipik olarak kas\u0131tl\u0131 olarak \u00fcretilmezler, ancak genellikle belirli reaksiyon ko\u015fullar\u0131 alt\u0131nda ikincil aminler ve nitrozlama ajanlar\u0131ndan olu\u015furlar. N-nitrozaminlerin olu\u015fabilece\u011fi tipik i\u015f yerleri kau\u00e7uk, deri, metal i\u015fleme ve kimya end\u00fcstrisidir. Soluma ve deriden maruz kalma nitrozaminler i\u00e7in ana maruz kalma yollar\u0131d\u0131r. Bir\u00e7ok N-nitrozamin S\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma, Etiketleme ve Ambalajlama ‘a g\u00f6re Kanserojen Kategori 1A, 1B veya 2 olarak s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Epidemiyolojik veriler, hem mesleki ortamlarda hem de genel pop\u00fclasyonda nitrozaminlere maruz kalman\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli t\u00fcrlerde kanser riskiyle ili\u015fkili olabilece\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir. <\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Risklerin olu\u015ftu\u011fu yerler<\/h2>\n

N-nitrozaminlere maruz kalma, kau\u00e7uk end\u00fcstrisinde tart\u0131m, kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma, yar\u0131 mamul i\u015fleme, vulkanizasyon ve son i\u015flem gibi g\u00f6revler s\u0131ras\u0131nda meydana gelebilir. Kau\u00e7uk \u00fcr\u00fcnler de nitrozaminler i\u00e7in potansiyel kaynaklar olabilir. Metal i\u015fleme end\u00fcstrisinde, metal i\u015fleme s\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcksek nitrat\/nitrit seviyeleri i\u00e7ermesi durumunda maruziyetin meydana geldi\u011fi bildirilmi\u015ftir. Tipik g\u00f6revler, makinelerin bak\u0131m\u0131 ve servisi, bir operat\u00f6r\u00fcn yak\u0131n mevcudiyeti ile makine aletlerinin elle ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u0131ras\u0131nda metal i\u015fleme s\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n ve kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n p\u00fcsk\u00fcrt\u00fclmesi, s\u0131\u00e7ramas\u0131 veya buharla\u015fmas\u0131 olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Ancak bu ko\u015fullar\u0131n art\u0131k Avrupa’da ge\u00e7erli olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmemektedir. Kimya end\u00fcstrisinde aminlerin \u00fcretimi ve kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra aminlerin bo\u015faltma ve doldurma i\u015flemleri ve bunlar\u0131n koag\u00fclasyon i\u015flemi ile kaplamalar, poliakrilonitril elyaf \u00fcretimi gibi di\u011fer kimyasal i\u015flemlerde kullan\u0131m\u0131, N-nitrozaminlerin olu\u015fabilece\u011fi i\u015fyerleridir. Ge\u00e7mi\u015fte, etkilenen di\u011fer i\u015fyerleri deri end\u00fcstrisinde, elektronik end\u00fcstrisinde ve d\u00f6k\u00fcmhanelerde de bulunmu\u015ftur. <\/p>\n

Madde hakk\u0131nda daha fazla bilgi<\/h2>\n

N-nitrozaminler ne \u00fcretilir ne de kullan\u0131l\u0131r. N-nitrozaminler genellikle ikincil aminlerin di\u011fer azotlu bile\u015fiklerle ve nitrozla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 maddelerle temas etmesiyle olu\u015fur. Nitrozla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 maddeler nitr\u00f6z asit ve tuzlar\u0131, nitritler, motor egzozundan \u00e7\u0131kan nitrojen oksitler veya organik nitro ve nitroso bile\u015fikleridir. \u0130kincil aminler kimyasal katk\u0131 maddelerinde veya kullan\u0131ma haz\u0131r \u00fcr\u00fcnlerde bile\u015fen olarak bulunabilir. N-nitrozaminler \u00fcretme potansiyeline sahip iyi bilinen ikincil aminler \u00f6rne\u011fin dietilamin, dietanolamin, dietilpropilamin, morfolin, pirolidindir. \u0130kincil aminler, \u00f6rne\u011fin hidroliz, termik veya biyojenik ayr\u0131\u015fma yoluyla, ilgili miktarlarda di\u011fer azot i\u00e7eren bile\u015fiklerden de olu\u015fabilir. Tipik ikincil aminler korozyon \u00f6nleyiciler, vulkanizasyon h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lar, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcler ve metal i\u015f\u00e7ileri gibi suyla kar\u0131\u015fabilen veya suyla kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilen so\u011futma ya\u011flay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 aras\u0131nda da bulunabilir. <\/p>\n

Olu\u015fabilecek tehlikeler<\/h2>\n

N-nitrozaminlere maruz kalma, mesane, mide, yemek borusu, prostat, pankreas ve karaci\u011fer l\u00f6semisi ve multipl miyelom gibi \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli kanser t\u00fcrleriyle ili\u015fkilendirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Maruziyet ile kanser geli\u015fimi aras\u0131ndaki gecikme s\u00fcresinin 15 y\u0131l oldu\u011fu tahmin edilmektedir.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Yapabilecekleriniz<\/h2>\n

\u0130lk s\u0131rada risklerin ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve \u00f6nlenmesi gelmektedir. \u0130kincil aminleri \u00f6zel uygulaman\u0131z i\u00e7in uygun ikamelerle de\u011fi\u015ftirin, \u00f6rne\u011fin birincil veya \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcl aminler ve alkanolaminler. Kanserojen N-nitrozamin olu\u015fturmayan birka\u00e7 ikincil amin bilinmektedir, \u00f6rne\u011fin disikloheksilamin. Kau\u00e7uk end\u00fcstrisi gibi ikincil amin uygulamalar\u0131 i\u00e7in farkl\u0131 alternatif kimyasal sistemler mevcuttur. N-nitrozamin olu\u015fumu riskini azaltmak i\u00e7in nitrozla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 maddeleri veya nitrit gibi \u00f6nc\u00fclleri uzak tutun ve ikincil aminlerin konsantrasyonunu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck tutun. Gerekirse, askorbinik asit, s\u00fclfamatlar, p-aminobenzoik asit, alfa-tokoferol, birincil aminler ve birincil alkanolaminler gibi N-nitrozamin olu\u015fum inhibit\u00f6rleri uygulay\u0131n. \u0130kincil aminlerin, nitrozla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 maddelerin maksimum konsantrasyonunu veya \u00fcr\u00fcnlerdeki pH de\u011ferini kontrol edin veya izleyin. Varsa, ulusal kullan\u0131m k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131na uyun. \u0130kame m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011filse, y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckteki koruyucu \u00f6nlemlerinizin etkili olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 veya ba\u015fka \u00f6nlemler al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekip gerekmedi\u011fini kontrol etmek i\u00e7in d\u00fczenli maruziyet de\u011ferlendirmesi uygulay\u0131n. Kapal\u0131 sistemler veya prosesle ilgili N-nitrozaminlerin egzozu gibi teknik koruyucu \u00f6nlemler, ikame uygulanabilir de\u011filse alternatiftir. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 maruziyetin etkileri konusunda s\u00fcrekli olarak bilin\u00e7lendirin. Ayr\u0131ca, i\u015f\u00e7ileri tehlikeler, g\u00fcvenli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma uygulamalar\u0131 ve etkili hijyen \u00f6nlemleri konusunda e\u011fitin. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n, gerekirse koruyucu giysi ve eldiven gibi yeterli ki\u015fisel koruyucu ekipmana sahip oldu\u011fundan emin olun. Ki\u015fisel koruyucu ekipman, olas\u0131 teknik \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler sunulduktan sonra yaln\u0131zca son \u00e7are olarak kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. <\/p>\n

Referanslar: AGS, ECHA, FIOH, DGUV, HSE, BAuA, Statista<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","carcinogens":[2533],"class_list":["post-57891","fact","type-fact","status-publish","hentry","carcinogens-nitrosamines-tr"],"yoast_head":"\nNitrozaminler - STOP carcinogens at work<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Genetik materyale zarar vererek kanserojen oldu\u011fundan, mide kanserine neden oldu\u011fundan veya alerjik kontakt dermatite yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u015f\u00fcpheleniliyor.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/tr\/fact\/nitrosamines\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Nitrozaminler\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Genetik materyale zarar vererek kanserojen oldu\u011fundan, mide kanserine neden oldu\u011fundan veya alerjik kontakt dermatite yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u015f\u00fcpheleniliyor.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/tr\/fact\/nitrosamines\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"STOP carcinogens at work\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-06-13T13:27:36+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Tahmini okuma s\u00fcresi\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"4 dakika\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/tr\\\/fact\\\/nitrosamines\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/tr\\\/fact\\\/nitrosamines\\\/\",\"name\":\"Nitrozaminler - 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