STOP follows a hierarchy of control. For carcinogens, a step down in the hierarchy is only allowed when technical limitations prevent you from eliminating exposure entirely. Here we will focus on the second level, T for technical measures. Please consider S before T.
Technical measures include mechanical devices or processes that eliminate or minimise the exposure to carcinogens. These technical measures might involve enclosure, use of ventilation and/or automation of processes.
What should be considered when assessing the measure(s) to implement:
- Identify all technical solutions (e. g. encapsulation or ventilation) already in place and assess their efficiency/efficacy (include maintenance plans)
- If needed, consider other technical solutions available that might improve the control – obtain a description of the solution, its suitability, efficacy, and efficiency
- Consider the possible combined effect of the technical solutions
- Make sure to ask the equipment provider for the user manual (in your language)
- Make sure your workers (including cleaning and maintenance workers) are given adequate training on the technical measures in place
- Provide clear instructions to workers on how to use those technical measures in place properly – with illustrations, if possible
Some technical measures to consider
When determining and applying the best technical measures, always remember to take in consideration the specificities of the workplace (e.g. premises with permanent ventilation equipment, open-air installations).
A variety of technical measures are available and can be applied depending on the conditions of the workplace. This section provides a broad range of examples, keeping in mind that other possible solutions could be available.
Closed systems
Closed systems are a very effective technical protective measure. Closed systems may include encapsulation, integrated extraction systems as an integral technical part of the work equipment or highly effective extraction systems.
Containment
Partially enclosed systems offer access to the process but, at the same time, prevent the release of a carcinogen or minimise exposure. These systems are usually combined with extraction ventilation systems or airflow systems, e.g. ventilated workbench, fume cupboard.
Ventilation
Assess the efficacy of any ventilation system you might already have in place and the feasibility of the workplace structure for the implementation of a new ventilation system.
In finding effective and efficient ventilation, the below possibilities might be used either individually or combined:
- Natural dilution ventilation
- Mechanical dilution ventilation
- Mechanical exhaust ventilation
Contact suppliers to provide technical specifications of different ventilation systems.
Using different work methods
Changing working methods could also be a possibility to reduce work exposure, for example, through liquid splashes or dust formation. A variety of alternative methods can be considered, such as pumping rather than pouring, vacuuming or wetting systems instead of sweeping.
Using the carcinogen in a different form
The physical form of the carcinogen might also be taken under consideration when deciding on the technical measures to implement. Powders are more prone to higher exposure levels, thus a compressed form (like a pellet or a tablet) or a gel might lower the worker´s exposure. Assess the possibility to use the carcinogen in a form that might lead to less exposure.
The way the carcinogen is packed may have an influence on exposure levels. For example, using soluble packaging or reducing its size might reduce exposure.
