STOP (measure): Substitution

According to the latest estimates, 27,600 workers in the EU are potentially exposed to 1,3-Butadiene (1,3-BD). Data from 1990-1993 indicated that approximately 31,600 workers were exposed. The exposure occurs mainly

It is estimated that up to 30,000 workers are exposed to 1,4-dioxane in the EU. Typical workplaces, where 1,4-dioxane is used, are in the rubber and chemical industry. It can

Estimates from 2017 assumed that 2,500 workers were potentially exposed to MOCA (methylene-bis-[2-chloroaniline]) across the EU. Since the authorisation duties for the substance under the REACH regulation have changed, it

This factsheet is under development. Only limited information is available.

Generation of process generated carcinogens upon abrasion Most hazardous substances are labelled and identified, but there are also carcinogens created as a by-product during a work process, so called process-generated

About 54,000 workers in the EU are estimated to be potentially exposed to acrylamide. The occupational exposure to acrylamide is primarily from dermal contact with the solid monomer and inhalation

Approximatively 10,000 to 33,000 workers in the EU are exposed to acrylonitrile at their workplaces. Inhalation is considered as the primary route of exposure although workers can be exposed through

This factsheet is under development. Only limited information is available.

Currently, between 4.1 and 7.3 million workers in the EU are exposed to asbestos and it is estimated that asbestos is the cause of death for over 90,000 people each

Estimates of current numbers of exposed workers to azo dyes, which can break down in aromatic amines, in the EU are not available. Occupational exposure to azo dyes may occur,

Approximatively 1,000,000 workers in the EU are exposed to benzene in industries that make or use benzene. Benzene is classified as Carcinogenic Category 1A, which means it is a proven

According to the most recent estimates, about 20,000 workers in the EU are potentially exposed to beryllium. Beryllium has a harmonised classification under the CLP regulation as Carcinogenic Category 1B,

This factsheet is under development. Only limited information is available.

In the EU, 10,000 workers are estimated to be potentially exposed to cadmium and its compounds. Exposure to hazardous levels of cadmium may occur in jobs in which workers are

It is estimated that about 900,000 workers in the EU are potentially exposed to chromium VI. Studies of workers in chromate production, chromate pigment and chrome electroplating industries employed before

In the European Union, approximately 80,000 workers are potentially exposed to cobalt and cobalt compounds. The primary work-related exposure route to cobalt is the inhalation of cobalt particles. The exposure

Emission of process generated carcinogens from combustion Most hazardous substances are labelled and identified, but there are also carcinogens created as a by-product during a work process, so called process-generated

This factsheet is under development. Only limited information is available.

It is estimated that more than 3.6 million workers in Europe are exposed to diesel engine exhaust (DEE). Diesel exhaust fumes are classified as Group 1 carcinogen by the IARC,

The latest estimated number of exposed workers in the EU to Epichlorohydrine (1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane) from 2011 is about 44,000. Inhalation is considered as the primary route of exposure but workers might