The facts on Chloroprene (2-chloro-1,3-butadiene)

No estimates of current numbers of exposed workers to Chloroprene (2-chloro-1,3-butadiene) in the EU are available. Typically, occupational exposure to chloroprene occurs through inhalation and dermal contact. Chloroprene has a harmonised classification under the CLP Regulation as Carcinogen category 1B. There is no consistent evidence about whether chloroprene causes cancer in humans. Studies in animals show that long-term exposure to this substance may cause cancer in the liver and other organs (such as in the oral cavity).

Where risks occur

Chloroprene is primarily used in the chemical industry to produce polychloroprene and other plastic materials, as well as synthetic rubbers and glues (e.g. adhesive production and mixing/batching operators, formulation technicians or maintenance workers). It is also used in the manufacture of 2,3 dichloro 1,3 butadiene, an intermediate compound in the production of certain copolymers.
Workers may experience significant exposure during the final stages of chloroprene synthesis, during polymerisation processes, and during operations involving monomer removal, in occupations like chemical process operators, plant mechanics, pipefitters and instrumentation technicians.

Exposure can also occur in the production of certain basic pharmaceutical products including medical devices and medical protective equipment and in the furniture manufacturing sector (for example in assembly work, adhesive application tasks or during wood lamination), and also in technical testing and analysis (analytical chemists, laboratory technicians).

More about the substance

Chloroprene is a volatile, colourless liquid. It is highly reactive, flammable, and characterized by a pungent odour. The most common end user products are polychloroprene latex products such as adhesives and contact glues, elastic bands and rubbed threads or protective gloves.
An EU-wide binding occupational exposure limit value is currently under preparation.

Health risks that may occur

The highest potential for occupational exposure to chloroprene is through inhalation of vapor present in the working area and skin contact. Short-term exposure to chloroprene can cause dizziness and vomiting after exposure to very high exposure levels. Long-term exposure to chloroprene can cause liver cancer and cancers at other sites.

What you can do

The best way to reduce the risk of exposure is to replace chloroprene with safer substances or change the process. If this is not possible, you must take steps to reduce exposure.

The most effective method is to use automated systems or closed systems, so workers do not have direct contact with the substance.
Other technical safety measures should be used to lower exposure to chloroprene as much as possible. For example: safer transfer systems, better seals and valves, and improved cleaning methods that reduce the need for workers to enter equipment. Better process control and sampling methods can also reduce leaks and exposure to chloroprene.

Good workplace hygiene is important, including regular cleaning and safe storage. Exposure in the workplace should be checked regularly to make sure safety measures are working.

It is also important to limit the time workers spend in exposed areas and to control access to these places, because chloroprene induces local irritation (damaging the nose epithelium). Workers should be trained about the risks and how to work safely. Good personal hygiene, including washing facilities and enough time for cleaning, must be provided.

Health checks should be done for workers who may be exposed, and they should report any early health symptoms, such as skin, eyes and nasal irritation, dizziness and hair loss.

Workers should use protective equipment, especially gloves and protective clothing. However, personal protective equipment should only be used as a last option, after all other possible technical and organisational solutions have been exhausted.

References: ECHA, RAC